墮
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Translingual
| Traditional | 墮 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 堕 |
| Simplified | 堕 |
Han character
墮 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 弓月土 (NBG) or 難弓月土 (XNBG), four-corner 74104, composition ⿱隋土)
Derived characters
- 𡃏, 𭐄, 𣟁, 𥶴
Related characters
- 堕 (Japanese shinjitai and simplified Chinese)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 239, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5481
- Dae Jaweon: page 478, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 484, character 3
- Unihan data for U+58AE
Chinese
| trad. | 墮 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 堕 | |
| alternative forms | 𫝡 隓 obsolete 墯 𡐦 dur (doe6) Cantonese, nonstandard | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (隓) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *hlol): phonetic 隋 (OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *ljol) + semantic 土.
Etymology
Compare Burmese လွှား (hlwa:, “to hurdle over, unfurl”) (Hill, 2019).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): do6 / doe6
- Eastern Min (BUC): dô̤
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dor5
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: duò
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: duò
- Wade–Giles: to4
- Yale: dwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duoh
- Palladius: до (do)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: do6 / doe6
- Yale: doh / deuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: do6 / doe6
- Guangdong Romanization: do6 / dê6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔː²²/, /tœː²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dor5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dō̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɒ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dor5
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɒ²¹/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō
- Tâi-lô: tō
- Phofsit Daibuun: doi
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /to²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /to⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘
- Tâi-lô: tōo
- Phofsit Daibuun: do
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tūi
- Tâi-lô: tuī
- Phofsit Daibuun: dui
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tui³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dui6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tŭi
- Sinological IPA (key): /tui³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Middle Chinese: dwaX, thwaX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤojʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰoːlʔ/, /*l'oːlʔ/
Definitions
墮
- to fall; to sink
- to degenerate
- 故上悖日月之明，下爍山川之精，中墮四時之施，惴耎之蟲，肖翹之物，莫不失其性。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Gù shàng bèi rìyuè zhī míng, xià shuò shānchuān zhī jīng, zhōng duò sìshí zhī shī, zhuìnuò zhī chóng, xiàoqiào zhī wù, mòbù shī qí xìng. [Pinyin]
- It is just as if, above, the brightness of the sun and moon were darkened; as if, beneath, the productive vigour of the hills and streams were dried up; and as if, between, the operation of the four seasons were brought to an end: in which case there would not be a single weak and wriggling insect, nor any plant that grows up, which would not lose its proper nature.
故上悖日月之明，下烁山川之精，中堕四时之施，惴耎之虫，肖翘之物，莫不失其性。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- (Cantonese) droopy; saggy
- alternative form of 惰 (duò)
Usage notes
Compounds
- 倭墮髻 / 倭堕髻 (wǒduòjì)
- 偷墮 / 偷堕
- 偎慵墮懶 / 偎慵堕懒
- 功墮垂成 / 功堕垂成
- 呱呱墮地 / 呱呱堕地 (gūgūduòdì)
- 墮地 / 堕地
- 墮崖 / 堕崖 (duòyá)
- 墮業 / 堕业
- 墮淚 / 堕泪
- 墮珥遺簪 / 堕珥遗簪
- 墮皮 / 堕皮
- 墮胎 / 堕胎 (duòtāi)
- 墮落 / 堕落 (duòluò)
- 墮負 / 堕负
- 墮車 / 堕车
- 墮雲霧中 / 堕云雾中
- 墮馬 / 堕马 (duòmǎ)
- 如墮煙霧 / 如堕烟雾
- 心膽墮地 / 心胆堕地
- 捨墮 / 舍堕
- 撇呆打墮 / 撇呆打堕
- 瀝膽墮肝 / 沥胆堕肝
- 白墮 / 白堕
- 自甘墮落 / 自甘堕落 (zìgānduòluò)
- 遺簪墮履 / 遗簪堕履
- 金谷墮樓 / 金谷堕楼
- 騎者善墮 / 骑者善堕
Pronunciation 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 墮 – see 隳 (“to destroy; to ruin; to damage”). (This character is a variant form of 隳). |
Japanese
| 堕 | |
| 墮 |
Kanji
墮
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 堕)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 墮 (MC thwaX).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 퇑〯 (Yale: thwǎ) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 타 (tha) (Yale: tha) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tʰa̠(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [타(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
墮 (eumhun 떨어질 타 (tteoreojil ta))
- hanja form? of 타 (“to fall; to degenerate”)
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
Han character
墮: Hán Nôm readings: đọa/đoạ, đụi, dọa/doạ, dụa
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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