姜

See also: 薑

姜	U+59DC, 姜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59DC

← 姛
[U+59DB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

姝 →
[U+59DD]

Translingual

Han character

姜 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿土女 (TGV), four-corner 8040₄, composition ⿱𦍌女)

Derived characters

葁

Additional Derived Characters

𠋄, 𱍴, 𠷩, 𡟜, 𤟲, 𣕞, 𤚖, 𥔣, 𨃇, 𨩍, 𩝅, 𩹖, 𦍯, 𨜰, 𡟿, 𦎛, 𡡭, 𲊚

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 259, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6205
Dae Jaweon: page 525, character 21
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1047, character 11
Unihan data for U+59DC

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 姜
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (羊) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
样	ʔslaːŋ, laŋ
佯	zlaŋ, laŋ
詳	ljaŋ, laŋ
洋	ljaŋ, laŋ
翔	*ljaŋ
庠	*ljaŋ
祥	*ljaŋ
痒	ljaŋ, laŋʔ
姜	*klaŋ
羌	*kʰlaŋ
蜣	*kʰlaŋ
猐	*kʰlaŋ
唴	*kʰlaŋs
羊	*laŋ
徉	*laŋ
烊	*laŋ
蛘	laŋ, laŋʔ
眻	laŋ, laŋs
鴹	*laŋ
恙	*laŋs
羕	*laŋs
樣	*laŋs
漾	*laŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *klaŋ): phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ) + semantic 女 (“female”)

Etymology 1

trad.		姜
simp. ^#		姜

Commonly assumed to be related to 羌 (OC *kʰlaŋ) (Pulleyblank, 2000), though not necessarily (Schuessler, 2007); 羊 (OC *laŋ, “sheep”) in the graphs may be just phonetic or also semantic, signifying "names referring to nomads" (Schuessler, 2009).

Pulleyblank (2000) reconstructs 姜 (OC *(C)ɰàŋ) and proposes etymological connection to 姬 (OC *(C)ɰə̀ɰ), 姜 being the "collateral, wife-supplying counterpart" to 姬 the "ruling clan", both being "two intermarrying moieties"; he also points to other word-pairs, including 似 (MC ziX, “to resemble”) < *-əɰʔ and 像 (MC zjangX, “to imitate, image”) < *-aŋʔ, which display the phonetic correspondences: *-ɰ vs. *-ŋ as well *-ə- vs. *-a- (ibid.).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiāng (jiang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): goeng¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiông
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khiuⁿ / kiuⁿ / kioⁿ / khiong / khiang / kiong

(Teochew, Peng'im): giang¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹cian

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiang
  - Wade–Giles: chiang¹
  - Yale: jyāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiang
  - Palladius: цзян (czjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: goeng¹
  - Yale: gēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: goeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gêng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kœːŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiông
  - Hakka Romanization System: giong^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯oŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiuⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: khiunn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qviw
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiũ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiũ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiuⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kiunn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kviw
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiũ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kioⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kionn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvioy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔ̃⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiong
  - Tâi-lô: khiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiofng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiang
  - Tâi-lô: khiang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiafng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
  - Tâi-lô: kiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

khiuⁿ - vernacular (surname in Quanzhou);
kiuⁿ/kioⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 埔姜);
khiong/khiang - literary (surname in Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwan);
kiong - literary (limited, e.g. 范姜).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: giang¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiang
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiaŋ³³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹cian
  - MiniDict: cian^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jian
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiã⁵³/

Middle Chinese: kjang

Rime
Character	姜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居良切
Baxter	kjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/kiaŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	goeng¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*klaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	姜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiāng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjang ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qaŋ/
English	a family name
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	姜
Reading #	1/1
No.	14530
Phonetic component	羊
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	薑
Old Chinese	/*klaŋ/

Definitions

姜

a surname
姜維／姜维 ― Jiāng Wéi ― Jiang Wei (military general of the state of Shu)
(mythology) name of a river, identified as a Qi stream near Mount Qi (Commentary on the Water Classic)
- 神農居姜水，以為姓。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  神农居姜水，以为姓。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Shuowen Jiezi, circa 2^nd century CE
  Shénnóng jū Jiāng Shuǐ, yǐwéi xìng. [Pinyin]
  The Divine Farmer dwelt by the Jiang river, (whose name) he took as (his) surname.

Compounds

埔姜
姜姜
姜家大被
姜巷 (Jiāngxiàng)
姜芋
姜被
姜黃 / 姜黄 (jiānghuáng)
姬姜
孟姜女 (Mèngjiāngnǚ)
敬姜猶績 / 敬姜犹绩
海埔姜
范姜 (Fànjiāng)
賣良姜 / 卖良姜
齊姜 / 齐姜

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 姜 – see 薑 (“ginger”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 薑).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

姜

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: こう (kō)
Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
Kun: つよい (tsuyoi)

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

姜 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang)

a surname

Vietnamese

Han character

姜: Hán Nôm readings: Khương, khương, cưng, gừng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.