薑

See also: 姜

薑	U+8591, 薑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8591

← 薐
[U+8590]

CJK Unified Ideographs

薒 →
[U+8592]

Translingual

Han character

薑 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+13, 19 strokes, cangjie input 廿一田一 (TMWM), four-corner 4410₆, composition ⿱艹畺)

Derived characters

𱤳, 𤒬, 𥗪

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1061, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32110
Dae Jaweon: page 1525, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3300, character 9
Unihan data for U+8591

Chinese

trad.		薑
simp.		姜^*
alternative forms		䕬𧅁𦷗葁姜

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 薑
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (畺) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
畺	*kaŋ
畕	*kaŋ
礓	*kaŋ
繮	*kaŋ
韁	*kaŋ
橿	*kaŋ
薑	*kaŋ
疆	*kaŋ
壃	*kaŋ
僵	*kaŋ
彊	kaŋs, ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ
麠	*kaŋ

Originally 䕬, a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaŋ): semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 彊 (OC *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ).

Note that the simplified form 姜 (OC *klaŋ) is also a traditional character on its own.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kjaŋ (“ginger”). Compare Burmese ချင်း (hkyang:).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jiāng (jiang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiang¹
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): goeng¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): giang¹ / giang^1*
Gan (Wiktionary): jiong¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kiông

(Hailu, HRS): giong^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): giong¹
Jin (Wiktionary): jion¹
Northern Min (KCR): gióng
Eastern Min (BUC): giŏng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gieo¹ / giao¹ / giunn¹ / gyorng¹ / goeng¹ / gyoeng¹ / gyang¹ / gieng¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiuⁿ / kioⁿ / kiauⁿ / kiong / kiang

(Teochew, Peng'im): gion¹ / giên¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹cian
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jian¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiang
  - Wade–Giles: chiang¹
  - Yale: jyāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiang
  - Palladius: цзян (czjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: jiang¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: goeng¹
  - Yale: gēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: goeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gêng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: giang¹ / giang^1*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiaŋ³³/, /kiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: jiong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiông
  - Hakka Romanization System: giong^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯oŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: giong^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /kioŋ⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: giong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jion¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gióng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiɔŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: giŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyoŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gieo¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ga̤uⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kieu⁵³³/
- (Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: giao¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiɐu⁵³³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: giunn¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kĩũ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gyorng¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gio̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyɒŋ⁵³³/
- (Jiangkou, Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: goeng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kœŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gyoeng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gyang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyɐŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gieng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kieŋ⁵⁴⁴/

Note:

gieo1/giao1/giunn1 - vernacular;
gyorng1/goeng1/gyoeng1/gyang1/gieng1 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiuⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kiunn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kviw
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /kiũ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Kinmen): /kiũ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Tainan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kioⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kionn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvioy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Tainan): /kiɔ̃⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /kiɔ̃⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiauⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kiaunn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kviaw
  - IPA (Penang): /kiãu³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
  - Tâi-lô: kiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiang
  - Tâi-lô: kiang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiafng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiaŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

kiuⁿ/kioⁿ/kiauⁿ - vernacular;
kiong/kiang - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gion¹ / giên¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kioⁿ / kieⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kĩõ³³/, /kĩẽ³³/

Note:

gion1 - Shantou;
giên1 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹cian
  - MiniDict: cian^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jian
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiã⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: jian¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯æn³³/

Middle Chinese: kjang

Rime
Character	薑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居良切
Baxter	kjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/kiaŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	goeng¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]aŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	薑
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiāng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjang ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]aŋ/
English	ginger
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	薑
Reading #	1/1
No.	6260
Phonetic component	畺
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kaŋ/

Definitions

薑

ginger
- 蒙舍蠻以椒、薑、桂和烹而飲之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  蒙舍蛮以椒、姜、桂和烹而饮之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 7, part 7
  Méngshè Mán yǐ jiāo, jiāng, guì hé pēng ér yǐn zhī. [Pinyin]
  The Mengshe Barbarians use pepper, ginger, and cinnamon to boil as a drink.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 薑 (“ginger”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		薑
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	薑
	Taiwan	薑
	Harbin	薑
	Singapore	薑
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	薑, 鮮薑, 黃薑
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	薑, 生薑
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	薑
	Wanrong	薑, 生薑
	Zhengzhou	薑
	Xi'an	生薑, 薑
	Xuzhou	生薑, 薑
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	生薑
	Bayanhot	洋辣子
	Lanzhou	生薑
	Ürümqi	生薑
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	生薑, 薑
	Wuhan	生薑, 薑
	Guiyang	生薑
	Guilin	薑
	Liuzhou	薑
	Nanning (Wuming)	薑
	Hechi (Yizhou)	薑
	Luocheng (Dongmen)	薑
	Dagudi (Maliba)	薑
	Reshuitang (Longling)	薑
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	薑
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	薑
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	生薑, 薑
	Yangzhou	生薑
	Hefei	生薑
Cantonese	Guangzhou	薑, 生薑
	Hong Kong	薑, 生薑
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	薑
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	薑
	Macau	薑
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	薑, 生薑
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	薑
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	薑, 生薑
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	薑
	Foshan	薑, 生薑
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	薑
	Foshan (Shunde)	薑
	Foshan (Sanshui)	薑
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	薑
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	薑
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	薑
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	薑
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	薑
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	薑
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	薑
	Taishan	薑乸, 薑
	Kaiping (Chikan)	薑乸
	Enping (Niujiang)	薑乸
	Heshan (Yayao)	薑
	Dongguan	薑
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	薑
	Shaoguan	薑
	Yunfu	薑乸
	Yangjiang	老薑, 薑, 薑乸
	Xinyi	薑, 生薑
	Lianjiang	薑, 薑乸
	Guiping (Jintian)	薑
	Guiping (Jiangkou)	薑
	Guiping (Madong)	薑
	Baise	薑
	Beihai	薑
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	薑
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	薑
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	薑
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	薑
	Singapore (Guangfu)	薑
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	薑
	Móng Cái	薑
Gan	Nanchang	生薑, 薑
	Pengze	生薑
	Lichuan	薑
	Pingxiang	薑
Hakka	Meixian	薑嫲, 薑, 生薑
	Dabu (Xihe)	薑
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	薑
	Huiyang	薑嫲
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	薑嫲
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	薑嫲
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	薑
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	薑
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	薑嫲
	Wuhua (Changbu)	薑嫲
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	薑
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	薑
	Jiexi	薑嫲
	Luhe	薑
	Yudu	薑
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	薑嫲
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	薑嫲
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	薑嫲
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	薑嫲
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	薑嫲
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	薑嫲
	Hong Kong	薑嫲
	Sabah (Longchuan)	薑嫲
	Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	薑
	Senai (Huiyang)	薑
	Singkawang	薑嫲
	Pontianak (Meixian)	薑嫲
Huizhou	Jixi	薑, 生薑
Jin	Taiyuan	鮮薑, 薑
	Datong	鮮薑
	Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou)	鮮薑
	Xinzhou	鮮薑
	Hohhot	生薑
Northern Min	Jian'ou	老薑, 薑
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	薑母, 薑
Eastern Min	Fuqing	薑母
Southern Min	Xiamen	薑
	Quanzhou	薑
	Zhangzhou	薑
	Taipei	薑
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	薑
	Kaohsiung	薑
	Yilan	薑
	Changhua (Lukang)	薑
	Taichung	薑
	Tainan	薑
	Hsinchu	薑
	Kinmen	薑
	Penghu (Magong)	薑
	Penang (Hokkien)	薑
	Singapore (Hokkien)	薑
	Manila (Hokkien)	薑
	Pingnan (Pingtian)	薑
	Guiping (Xiaowen)	薑
	Guiping (Dongsheng)	薑
	Guilin (Biyange)	薑
	Chaozhou	薑
	Bangkok (Teochew)	薑, ขิง
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	薑
	Singapore (Teochew)	薑
	Wenchang	薑母
	Haikou	薑母
Puxian Min	Putian	薑母
Puxian Min	Xianyou	薑母
Central Min	Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping)	薑
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	薑
Southern Pinghua	Binyang	薑
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Qianjing)	薑
	Guilin (Liutang, Lingui)	薑
	Lingchuan (Shuangzhou)	薑
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	薑
Waxiang	Luxi (Lijiatian)	薑
Wu	Shanghai	生薑, 薑
	Shanghai (Chongming)	生薑
	Suzhou	薑, 生薑
	Danyang	生薑
	Hangzhou	薑
	Ningbo	生薑, 薑
	Wenzhou	薑, 生薑
	Jinhua	生薑
Xiang	Changsha	薑, 生薑
	Loudi	薑
	Shuangfeng	生薑

Compounds

乾薑 / 干姜 (gānjiāng)
人老精，薑老辣 / 人老精，姜老辣
吃蔥吃蒜不吃薑 / 吃葱吃蒜不吃姜
咬薑呷醋 / 咬姜呷醋 (yǎojiāngxiácù)
咬薑啜醋 / 咬姜啜醋
夠薑 / 够姜
嫩薑 / 嫩姜 (nènjiāng)
子薑 / 子姜 (zǐjiāng)
山薑 / 山姜
廉薑 / 廉姜
本地薑唔辣 / 本地姜唔辣
枸薑 / 枸姜
桂薑 / 桂姜
毛薑 / 毛姜
洋薑 / 洋姜 (yángjiāng)
熬薑呷醋 / 熬姜呷醋
猴薑 / 猴姜
生薑 / 生姜 (shēngjiāng)
癡鼠拖薑 / 痴鼠拖姜
砂薑 / 砂姜
砸薑磨蒜 / 砸姜磨蒜
粉薑 / 粉姜
紅球薑 / 红球姜
胡椒細細辣過薑 / 胡椒细细辣过姜
般薑鼠 / 般姜鼠
苗薑 / 苗姜
茈薑 / 茈姜 (zǐjiāng)
薑啤 / 姜啤
薑嫲 / 姜嫲
薑是老的辣 / 姜是老的辣 (jiāng shì lǎo de là)
薑桂 / 姜桂
薑桂老辣 / 姜桂老辣 (jiāngguìlǎolà)
薑母 / 姜母 (jiāngmǔ)
薑母鴨 / 姜母鸭 (jiāngmǔyā)
薑汁撞奶 / 姜汁撞奶 (jiāngzhī zhuàng nǎi)
薑湯 / 姜汤
薑絲 / 姜丝 (jiāngsī)
薑絲大腸 / 姜丝大肠
薑越老越辣 / 姜越老越辣 (jiāngyuèlǎoyuèlà)
薑還是老的辣 / 姜还是老的辣 (jiāng háishì lǎo de là)
薑醋 / 姜醋 (jiāngcù)
薑餅 / 姜饼 (jiāngbǐng)
薑黃 / 姜黄 (jiānghuáng)
蜀薑 / 蜀姜
豬腳薑 / 猪脚姜 (zhūjiǎojiāng)
豬腳薑醋 / 猪脚姜醋 (zhūjiǎo jiāngcù)
野薑花 / 野姜花
高良薑 / 高良姜 (gāoliángjiāng)
鬼子薑 / 鬼子姜
麥句薑 / 麦句姜
黃薑 / 黄姜 (huángjiāng)
黃薑薑 / 黄姜姜
鼠銜薑 / 鼠衔姜

Descendants

→ Lisu: ꓚꓬꓺ (tʃɑ̱), ꓚꓬꓮꓥꓺ (tʃɑ̱ŋ)
→ Spanish: kion, kión
→ Zhuang: gieng

References

“薑”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “姜”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 253.

Japanese

Kanji

薑

(Hyōgai kanji)

ginger

Readings

Go-on: こう (kō)
Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
Kun: はじかみ (hajikami)

Compounds

薑黄(きょうおう) (kyōō): wild turmeric

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [강]

Hanja

Wikisource

薑 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
薑

Han character

薑: Hán Nôm readings: gừng; khương; cưng

Noun

薑

chữ Nôm form of gừng (“ginger”)

References

Nom Foundation