孱

孱	U+5B71, 孱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B71

← 孰
[U+5B70]

CJK Unified Ideographs

孲 →
[U+5B72]

Translingual

Han character

孱 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 尸弓木木 (SNDD), four-corner 7724₇, composition ⿸尸孨)

Derived characters

僝, 潺, 樼, 㻵, 轏(𰺞), 驏(骣)

Additional Derived Characters

𠘈, 𱔯, 𪩖, 𢢁, 𢵔, 𦠳, 𥢨, 𨬖(𫔏), 𩻣, 𠟉

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 280, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7000
Dae Jaweon: page 549, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1017, character 12
Unihan data for U+5B71

Chinese

simp. and trad.		孱

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 孱
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (孨) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
孨	nɯb, skʷrens, *kʷjenʔ
孱	sɡreːn, sɡreːnʔ, *sɡren

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chán (chan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saan⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chán
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chán
  - Wade–Giles: chʻan²
  - Yale: chán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charn
  - Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: saan⁴
  - Yale: sàahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: san⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn²¹/

Middle Chinese: dzrean, dzrjen

Rime
Character	孱	孱
Reading #	1/3	2/3
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	山 (73)	仙 (79)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	士山切	士連切
Baxter	dzrean	dzrjen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒˠɛn/	/d͡ʒˠiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐᵚæn/	/ɖ͡ʐᵚiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒæn/	/d͡ʒiæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐəɨn/	/ɖ͡ʐian/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒɛn/	/d͡ʒjɛn/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒæn/	/d͡ʒĭɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱăn/	/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chán	chán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caan⁴	cin⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]r[a][n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*sɡreːn/, /*sɡren/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chán
Middle Chinese	‹ dzrɛn ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]r[a][n]/
English	timid
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孱	孱
Reading #	1/3	3/3
No.	1203	17702
Phonetic component		孨
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	虥	潺
Old Chinese	/*sɡreːn/	/*sɡren/
Notes	孨旨兗切

Definitions

孱

(literary) weak; small; frail; feeble
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) meager; mean; shallow
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) cautious

Compounds

孱困
孱夫
孱弱 (chánruò)
孱王
孱瑣 / 孱琐
孱羸
孱軀 / 孱躯

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): càn (can⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): caan³ / zaan⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: càn
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: càn
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻan⁴
  - Yale: tsàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsann
  - Palladius: цань (canʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: caan³ / zaan⁶
  - Yale: chaan / jaahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaan³ / dzaan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: can³ / zan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːn³³/, /t͡saːn²²/

Definitions

孱

only used in 孱頭／孱头 (càntou, “coward; weakling”)

Compounds

孱頭 / 孱头 (càntou)
孱頭貨 / 孱头货

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiān (jian¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jian
  - Wade–Giles: chien¹
  - Yale: jyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Definitions

孱

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Pronunciation 4

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhàn (zhan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
  - Wade–Giles: chan⁴
  - Yale: jàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
  - Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: dzreanX

Rime
Character	孱
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	山 (73)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	士限切
Baxter	dzreanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒˠɛn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐᵚæn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒæn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐəɨn^X/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒɛn^X/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒæn^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱăn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaan⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sɡreːnʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孱
Reading #	2/3
No.	1207
Phonetic component
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	棧
Old Chinese	/*sɡreːnʔ/

Definitions

孱

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References

“孱”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

孱

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: ぜん (zen)
Kan-on: さん (san)、せん (sen)
Kun: よわい (yowai, 孱い)

Korean

Hanja

孱 (eum 잔 (jan))

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Vietnamese

Han character

孱: Hán Nôm readings: sàn, sờn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation