徹

See also: 彻

徹	U+5FB9, 徹 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FB9

← 徸
[U+5FB8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

徺 →
[U+5FBA]

Translingual

Han character

徹 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+11 in traditional Chinese (Taiwan), 彳+12 in Chinese (mainland China, Hong Kong), Japanese and Korean, 14 strokes in traditional Chinese (Taiwan), 15 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 竹人卜月大 (HOYBK), four-corner 2824₀, composition ⿲彳育攵 or ⿰彳𰕎)

Derived characters

𤁲, 𣰪, 𨇂, 𠖢, 𡫠, 勶
撤, 轍

Related characters

微徵 (徴)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 371, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10245
Dae Jaweon: page 698, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 844, character 7
Unihan data for U+5FB9

Chinese

trad.		徹
simp.		彻^*
alternative forms		澈撤

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
徹	*tʰed
撤	tʰed, ded
澈	*ded
轍	*ded

Oracle bone inscriptions: Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 鬲 (“pot”) + 又 (“hand”) – a hand removing utensils after eating. Bronze inscriptions replaced 又 with 攵 to emphasize action.

In seal script 彳 was added to further emphasize action, and what was originally a pot had corrupted into the unrelated 育.

Etymology

The r-causative of 逝 (OC *ɦljeds) (Schuessler, 2007).

Cognate with 撤 (OC *tʰed, *ded, “to take away”), 滯 (OC *dads, “to discard; to leave over; to accumulate”) and perhaps 適 (OC *tjeɡ, “to go”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chè (che⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cit³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chha̍t
Jin (Wiktionary): cah⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): tiék
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): deh⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thiat / theh

(Teochew, Peng'im): tiêg⁴ / tiag⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chè
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chè
  - Wade–Giles: chʻê⁴
  - Yale: chè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheh
  - Palladius: чэ (čɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cit³
  - Yale: chit
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsit⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: qid³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːt̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chha̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: cad
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰat̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: cah⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰaʔ²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tiék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiɛʔ²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: deh⁷
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: de̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɛʔ⁴/
- (Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: deh⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /te̞ʔ⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiat / theh
  - Tâi-lô: thiat / theh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiad, teq
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɛt̚³²/, /tʰeʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛt̚⁵/, /tʰeʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛt̚³²/, /tʰeʔ³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛt̚³²/, /tʰeʔ³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛt̚³²/, /tʰeʔ³²/

Note:

thiat - literary;
theh - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: tiêg⁴ / tiag⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiek / thiak
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiek̚²/, /tʰiak̚²/

Note:

tiêg4 - Chaozhou;
tiag4 - Shantou.

Middle Chinese: drjet, trhjet

Rime
Character	徹	徹
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	徹 (10)
Final (韻)	薛 (83)	薛 (83)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	直列切	丑列切
Baxter	drjet	trhjet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiᴇt̚/	/ʈʰˠiᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚiɛt̚/	/ʈʰᵚiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiæt̚/	/ȶʰiæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖiat̚/	/ʈʰiat̚/
Li Rong	/ȡjɛt̚/	/ȶʰjɛt̚/
Wang Li	/ȡĭɛt̚/	/ȶʰĭɛt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯ɛt̚/	/ȶʰi̯ɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhé	che
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zit⁶	cit³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-[tʰ]ret/, /*m-tʰret/, /*tʰret/

(Zhengzhang): /*tʰed/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	徹	徹	徹	徹
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chè	chè	chè	chè
Middle Chinese	‹ drjet ›	‹ drjet ›	‹ trhjet ›	‹ trhjet ›
Old Chinese	/*m-[tʰ]ret/	/*m-tʰret/	/*tʰret/	/*tʰret/
English	penetrate	divide land acc. to a certain share system	divide land acc. to a certain share system	penetrate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	徹
Reading #	1/1
No.	1319
Phonetic component
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	屮
Old Chinese	/*tʰed/

Definitions

徹

to penetrate; to pierce; to pervade
(～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 徹 (MC trhjet)
alternative form of 澈 (chè, “clear”)
alternative form of 撤 (chè, “to remove”)

Compounds

不徹頭 / 不彻头
侵徹力 / 侵彻力
劉徹 / 刘彻
大徹大悟 / 大彻大悟 (dàchèdàwù)
徹上徹下 / 彻上彻下
徹侯 / 彻侯
徹夜 / 彻夜 (chèyè)
徹底 / 彻底 (chèdǐ)
徹悟 / 彻悟 (chèwù)
徹懸 / 彻悬
徹查 / 彻查 (chèchá)
徹耳 / 彻耳
徹裡徹外 / 彻里彻外
徹頭徹尾 / 彻头彻尾 (chètóuchèwěi)
徹饌 / 彻馔
徹首徹尾 / 彻首彻尾
徹骨 / 彻骨 (chègǔ)
明徹 / 明彻
曼徹斯特 / 曼彻斯特 (Mànchèsītè)
有司徹 / 有司彻
洞徹 / 洞彻
漫天徹地 / 漫天彻地
為人為徹 / 为人为彻
痛徹心腑 / 痛彻心腑
痛楚徹骨 / 痛楚彻骨
聲徹雲霄 / 声彻云霄
說徹 / 说彻
謊徹梢虛 / 谎彻梢虚
貫徹 / 贯彻 (guànchè)
貫徹始終 / 贯彻始终 (guànchèshǐzhōng)
通天徹地 / 通天彻地
通徹 / 通彻 (tōngchè)
連更徹夜 / 连更彻夜
響徹雲漢 / 响彻云汉
響徹雲際 / 响彻云际
響徹雲霄 / 响彻云霄 (xiǎngchèyúnxiāo)

References

“徹”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “彻”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 214.

Japanese

Kanji

徹

(Jōyō kanji)

penetrate

Readings

Go-on: てち (techi)
Kan-on: てつ (tetsu, Jōyō)
Kun: とおる (tōru, 徹る)

Compounds

Proper noun

徹(あきら) or 徹(とおる) • (Akira or Tōru)

a male given name

Korean

Hanja

徹 (eumhun 통할 철 (tonghal cheol))

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Vietnamese

Han character

徹: Hán Nôm readings: triệt, trẹt, trê, trệt, trịt, trít, xẹt

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.