意志

Chinese

	idea; meaning; wish idea; meaning; wish; desire; Italy (abbrev.)	the will
simp. and trad. (意志)	意	志
alternative forms	毅志
anagram	志意

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yìzhì

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ ㄓˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ji³ zi³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yi¹ zi¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yi-chṳ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ì-chì

(Teochew, Peng'im): i³ zi³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵i-tsy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yìzhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ ㄓˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yìjhìh
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴-chih⁴
  - Yale: yì-jr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yihjyh
  - Palladius: ичжи (ičži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    意志
    抑制
    易幟 / 易帜
    異志 / 异志
    異質 / 异质
    益智
    譯製 / 译制
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ji³ zi³
  - Yale: yi ji
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji³ dzi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi³ ji³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː³³ t͡siː³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yi¹ zi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ji³³ t͡si³³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi-chṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System: i zii
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi⁴ zi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i⁵⁵ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi-chṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)i zii
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi⁴ zi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i⁵⁵ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ì-chì
  - Tâi-lô: ì-tsì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iecix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /i²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /i⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡si⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /i²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /i¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡si¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡si²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: i³ zi³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ì tsì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡si²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵i-tsy
  - MiniDict: i^去 tsy
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²i-tsr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /i³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: 'iH tsyiH

Rime
Character	意	志
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於記切	職吏切
Baxter	'iH	tsyiH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨ^H/	/t͡ɕɨ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨ^H/	/t͡ɕɨ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔie^H/	/t͡ɕie^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɨ^H/	/cɨ^H/
Li Rong	/ʔiə^H/	/t͡ɕiə^H/
Wang Li	/ĭə^H/	/t͡ɕĭə^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi^H/	/t͡ɕi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji³	zi³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)ək-s tə-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*qɯɡs tjɯs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	意	志
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔi^H ›	‹ tsyi^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔ(r)ək-s/	/*tə-s/
English	thought (n.)	goal, intention, aspiration
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	意	志
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	15153	17190
Phonetic component	意	之
Rime group	代	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	意	志
Old Chinese	/*qɯɡs/	/*tjɯs/
Notes		說文之聲

Noun

意志

will; determination; volition; intent
堅強意志／坚强意志 ― jiānqiáng yìzhì ― strong will

政府意志 ― zhèngfǔ yìzhì ― government will

Synonyms

edit

心志 (xīnzhì)
志意 (zhìyì) (literary)
毅力 (yìlì)
決心 / 决心 (juéxīn)
狠心 (hěnxīn)

Derived terms

德意志 (Déyìzhì)
意志力 (yìzhìlì)
自由意志 (zìyóu yìzhì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (意志):

→ Japanese: 意志(いし) (ishi)
→ Korean: 의지(意志) (uiji)
→ Vietnamese: ý chí (意志)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
意	志
い Grade: 3	し Grade: 5
on'yomi

Etymology

Coined by Japanese philosopher and politician Nishi Amane as a translation of English will,^[1] and became established by being included in the 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”) by Inoue Tetsujirō.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いし [íꜜshì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[4]^[5]
IPA^(key): [iɕi]

Homophones: 以次, 位子, 医師, 胃歯, 異志, 移徙, 意思, 違旨, 遺子, 遺旨, 遺址, 遺志, 遺屍, 頤指, 頤使, 縊死, 懿旨

Noun

意(い)志(し) • (ishi)

will (intention or decision)
- 2016 July 22, “過(か)去(こ)との取(と)り組(く)み [Grappling with the Past]”, in 異界月 [Eldritch Moon], Wizards of the Coast:
  
  エムラクールは願(ねが)いを叶(かな)えたりしない。ただ、人(ひと)々(びと)の望(のぞ)みがエムラクールの意(い)志(し)に沿(そ)ったものになるのだ。
  Emurakūru wa negai o kanae tari shinai. Tada, hitobito no nozomi ga Emurakūru no ishi ni sotta mono ni naru no da.
  Emrakul does not grant wishes. Human desires simply align to her will.

Derived terms

意(い)志(し)的(てき) (ishiteki)
意(い)志(し)薄(はく)弱(じゃく) (ishi hakujaku)
一(いっ)般(ぱん)意(い)志(し) (ippan ishi)
権(けん)力(りょく)意(い)志(し) (kenryoku ishi)
自(じ)由(ゆう)意(い)志(し) (jiyū ishi)
集(しゅう)合(ごう)意(い)志(し) (shūgō ishi)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ “意志”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ Inoue, Tetsujirō (1881) 哲学字彙 [Dictionary of Philosophy]‎^[2], University of Tokyo, page 99
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
意	志

Noun

意志 • (uiji) (hangeul 의지)

hanja form^? of 의지 (“determination”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
意	志

Noun

意志

chữ Hán form of ý chí (“willpower”)

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[2] “意志”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[3] Inoue, Tetsujirō (1881) 哲学字彙 [Dictionary of Philosophy]‎^[2], University of Tokyo, page 99

[SMK5-4] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-5] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

Japanese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Noun