慚

See also: 惭
慚 U+615A, 慚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-615A
← 慙
[U+6159] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 慛 →
[U+615B]

Translingual

Han character

慚 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心十十中 (PJJL), four-corner 92021, composition ⿰忄斬)

Derived characters

  • 𢣥

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 398, character 40
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11096
  • Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2344, character 20
  • Unihan data for U+615A

Chinese

trad. 慚
simp. 惭
alternative forms 慙／惭

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (斬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
慚 *zaːm
慙 *zaːm
鏨 *zaːm, *zaːmʔ, *zaːms, *zeːm, *zamʔ
槧 *zaːmʔ, *sʰam, *sʰams, *zamʔ
暫 *zaːms
蹔 *zaːms
斬 *ʔsreːmʔ
獑 *zeːm, *zaːm
嶃 *zreːmʔ, *zaːm
覱 *ʔsraːms
摲 *sʰraːms
漸 *ʔsam, *zamʔ
塹 *sʰams
壍 *sʰams
嬱 *sʰams
螹 *zam, *zamʔ
蔪 *zamʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zaːm): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”)

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 慚
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 談 (143)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 昨甘切
Baxter dzam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡zɑm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡zɑm/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡zɑm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡zam/
Li
Rong 		/d͡zɑm/
Wang
Li 		/d͡zɑm/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱɑm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		cán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		caam4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 慚
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		cán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzam ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[dz]ˁam/
English ashamed

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 慚
Reading # 1/1
No. 16788
Phonetic
component 		斬
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		慙
Old
Chinese 		/*zaːm/
Notes 同慙

Definitions

慚

  1. ashamed; embarrassed

Usage notes

Compounds

  • 大言不慚 / 大言不惭 (dàyánbùcán)
  • 慚德 / 惭德
  • 慚怍 / 惭怍 (cánzuò)
  • 慚恧 / 惭恧
  • 慚恨 / 惭恨
  • 慚恩 / 惭恩
  • 慚悚 / 惭悚
  • 慚惶 / 惭惶
  • 慚感 / 惭感
  • 慚愧 / 惭愧 (cánkuì)
  • 慚愧無地 / 惭愧无地
  • 慚沮 / 惭沮
  • 慚皺 / 惭皱
  • 慚色 / 惭色 (cánsè)
  • 慚赧 / 惭赧
  • 慚鳧企鶴 / 惭凫企鹤
  • 林慚澗愧 / 林惭涧愧
  • 滿面羞慚 / 满面羞惭
  • 燕妒鶯慚 / 燕妒莺惭
  • 羞慚 / 羞惭 (xiūcán)
  • 自慚形穢 / 自惭形秽 (zìcánxínghuì)
  • 衾影無慚 / 衾影无惭

References

  • “慚”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “惭”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 22.

Japanese

Kanji

慚

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • Go-on: ざん (zan)←ざん (zan, historical)←ざむ (zamu, ancient)
  • Kan-on: さん (san)←さん (san, historical)←さむ (samu, ancient)
  • Kun: はじ (haji, 慚)←はぢ (fadi, 慚, historical)、はじる (hajiru, 慚じる)←はぢる (fadiru, 慚ぢる, historical)

Korean

Hanja

慚 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)

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Vietnamese

Han character

慚: Hán Nôm readings: tàm, tuồm, tam, tom, tùm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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