See also:
U+6F38, 漸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F38

[U+6F37]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6F39]

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 85, 水+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 水十十中 (EJJL), four-corner 32121, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 647, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18179
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1057, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1717, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6F38

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsam, *zamʔ): semantic (water) + phonetic (OC *ʔsreːmʔ).

Etymology 1

trad.
simp.

Compare Khmer ជាំ (cŏəm, wet; soaked; steeped) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕian⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕian⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕian⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕiã²¹/
Qingdao /t͡siã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sian³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡sã⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sã²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕian¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕian²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕiɛn³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕian¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕian²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡sien⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ʑi²³/
Suzhou /ziɪ³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑiẽ̞¹³/
Wenzhou /ji²²/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰe²²/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /t͡siẽ⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡siẽ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɛn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰiam⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰiɑm¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sim²²/
Nanning /t͡sim²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sim²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡siam²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sieŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡siŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡siam³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡siam³³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (15)
Final () (153)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter dzjemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ziᴇmX/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ziɛmX/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡zjæmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ziamX/
Li
Rong
/d͡ziɛmX/
Wang
Li
/d͡zĭɛmX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/d͡zʱi̯ɛmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zim6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzjemX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[dz]amʔ/
English gradually; advance

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 16811
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*zamʔ/
Definitions

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Qiantang River
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to advance gradually
  3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) gradual process
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, of an illness) to aggravate; to worsen
  5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to dredge; to open a path
  6. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) omen
  7. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) condition; prerequisite
  8. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) sequence; order
  9. gradually
  10. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) just when
  11. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) immediately; soon after
  12. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) when; until
  13. 53rd hexagram of the I Ching
  14. a surname
Compounds

Pronunciation 2



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (13)
Final () (153)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter tsjem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡siᴇm/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡siɛm/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sjæm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡siam/
Li
Rong
/t͡siɛm/
Wang
Li
/t͡sĭɛm/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/t͡si̯ɛm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zim1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiān
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsjem ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ts]am/
English moisten

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 16804
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ʔsam/
Definitions

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to flow into
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to bedew
  3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to soak
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to moisten
  5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to influence
  6. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to cheat
Compounds
  • 日漸月染 / 日渐月染
  • 東漸 / 东渐
  • 東漸西被 / 东渐西被
  • 漸染 / 渐染 (jiānrǎn)
  • 漸洳 / 渐洳
  • 蘭芷漸滫 / 兰芷渐滫
  • 西學東漸 / 西学东渐 (xīxuédōngjiān)
  • 遏漸防萌 / 遏渐防萌

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to go under water; to move under water; to hide; to conceal; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“precipitous; steep; jagged; towering; overlapping”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

Etymology 4

trad.
simp.
alternative forms

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. (Teochew) just; just now

Japanese

Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Korean

Hanja

• (jeom, cham) (hangeul , , revised jeom, cham, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, ch'am, Yale cem, cham)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: tiệm, tràn, tiêm, tiềm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.