乎

乎 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹火木 (HFD), four-corner 2040₉, composition ⿻𠂌丷)

• 呼, 垀, 泘, 㭔, 烀, 䉿, 軤(轷), 䤣, 䴣, 乯, 苸, 雽, 虖

• ヲ

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 82, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 131
• Dae Jaweon: page 166, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 36, character 8
• Unihan data for U+4E4E

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢaː): semantic [Term?] (“wind; air”) + phonetic 丂 (OC *kʰluːʔ, “branch”) – original form of 呼 (OC *qʰaː, “to call; to cry”). Compare 兮 (OC *ɢeː).

in; at; on

Attrited or unstressed form of 於 (OC *qa) (Schuessler, 2007).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

乎

1. in; at; on

   Synonym: 於 / 于

   • 故沛然德教溢乎四海。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad. and simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Gù pèirán déjiào yì hū sìhǎi. [Pinyin]

     When this is the case, such an one's virtue and teachings will spread over all within the four seas like the rush of water.

   • 今子有五石之瓠，何不慮以為大樽而浮乎江湖，而憂其瓠落無所容？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     今子有五石之瓠，何不虑以为大樽而浮乎江湖，而忧其瓠落无所容？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Jīn zǐ yǒu wǔ dàn zhī hù, hé bù lǜ yǐwèi dà zūn ér fú hū jiānghú, ér yōu qí hùluò wú suǒ róng? [Pinyin]

     Sir, had calabashes large enough to hold five piculs; why did you not think of making large bottle-gourds of them, by means of which you could have floated over rivers and lakes, instead of giving yourself the sorrow of finding that they were useless for holding anything.

2. (indicates the object of an action) with; on

   Synonym: 於 / 于

   • 菲飲食，而致孝乎鬼神。 [MSC, trad.]
     菲饮食，而致孝乎鬼神。 [MSC, simp.]

     Fěi yǐnshí, ér zhì xiào hū guǐshén. [Pinyin]

     He used himself coarse food and drink, but displayed the utmost filial piety towards the spirits.

   • 齧缺問乎王倪。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     啮缺问乎王倪。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Niè Quē wèn hū Wáng Ní. [Pinyin]

     Nie Que asked Wang Ni.

3. (indicates comparison) than

   Synonym: 於 / 于

   • 福輕乎羽，莫之知載；禍重乎地，莫之知避。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     福轻乎羽，莫之知载；祸重乎地，莫之知避。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Fú qīng hū yǔ, mò zhī zhī zǎi; huò zhòng hū dì, mò zhī zhī bì. [Pinyin]

     Happiness is lighter than a feather, but no one knows how to support it; calamity is heavier than the earth, and yet no one knows how to avoid it.

4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) A suffix placed after adjectives and adverbs to express praise or amazement.
5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Sentence-final interrogative particle.

   • 有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yǒu péng zì yuǎnfāng lái, bù yì lè hū? [Pinyin]

     Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?

6. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Sentence-final exclamatory particle.
7. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Sentence-final imperative particle.
8. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Sentence-final speculative particle.

乎

1. alternative form of 予 (“hō͘”)
   • 2015, “今生的願望”‎^[1]performed by 曹雅雯 and 許富凱:

     嫁乎你是阮今生的願望。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     嫁乎你是阮今生的愿望。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     Kè hō͘ lí sī gún kim-seng ê goān-bāng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     Getting married to you is my wish in this life.

   • 2017, “心‧離開”‎^[2]performed by 蔡佳麟:

     看你為伊咧傷心，乎我心內像針揻。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     看你为伊咧伤心，乎我心内像针揻。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     Khòaⁿ lí ūi i teh siong-sim, hō͘ góa sim-lāi chhiūⁿ chiam ui. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     Seeing you grieve over him makes my heart feel like it is poked with a needle.

乎

1. (Hokkien) Sentence-final particle expressing doubt with a question, especially to ask for confirmation: right?

   街路車真濟，乎？ [Hokkien, trad.]
   街路车真济，乎？ [Hokkien, simp.]

   Koe-lō͘ chhia chin chòe, hohⁿ? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   There's so many cars on the road, right?

   你今仔日欲出去𨑨迌乎？ [Hokkien, trad. and simp.]

   Lí kin-á-li̍t beh chhut-khì chhit-thô hohⁿ? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   You're going out today to play, right?

2. (Mainland China and Philippine Hokkien) Particle in the middle of a sentence to express a pause in speaking with slight emphasis on the preceding word: right

   我乎，欲寄你買一本冊。 [Hokkien, trad.]
   我乎，欲寄你买一本册。 [Hokkien, simp.]

   Góa hohⁿ, beh kià lí bóe chi̍t pún chheh. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   I, right, want to send you to buy a book.

   𪜶囝乎，欲做公司的經理囉。 [Hokkien, trad.]
   𪜶囝乎，欲做公司的经理啰。 [Hokkien, simp.]

   In kiáⁿ hohⁿ, beh chòe kong-si ê keng-lí lo͘h. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   Their son, right, is gonna be a company manager.

3. (Taiwanese Hokkien) Sentence-final particle expressing a question to tease or ridicule someone

   花是你送的乎？免歹勢啦！ [Hokkien, trad.]
   花是你送的乎？免歹势啦！ [Hokkien, simp.]

   Hoe sī lí sàng ê hohⁿ? Bián pháiⁿ-sè là! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   You gave the flowers, didn't you? Don't be embarrassed!

4. (Taiwanese Hokkien) modal particle expressing understanding, comprehension, realization: oh!

   乎，原來是按呢喔！ [Hokkien, trad.]
   乎，原来是按呢喔！ [Hokkien, simp.]

   Hohⁿ, goân-lâi sī án-ni o͘h! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   Oh! So that's how it is.

5. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) Sentence-final particle to indicate an imperative sentence

   你逐個月著寄批來乎。 [Hokkien, trad.]
   你逐个月着寄批来乎。 [Hokkien, simp.]

   Lí ta̍k kò goe̍h tio̍h kià phe lâi hohⁿ. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   You send a letter every month, okay?

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

• Go-on: ご (go)、を (o)
• Kan-on: こ (ko)
• Kun: よ (yo, 乎)、かな (kana, 乎)、ああ (ā, 乎)、や (ya, 乎)、か (ka, 乎)、を (o, 乎)

乎 (eumhun 어조사 호 (eojosa ho))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乎

From the Middle Chinese reading 乎 (MC hu).

乎 (*-wo or *-hwo)

1. A syllabic phonogram denoting either final syllable *-wo or *-hwo

乎 (*-wo)

1. A very common verbal suffix, sometimes called the "modulator" in English, whose meaning is disputed. See the Middle Korean entry 오 (-wo) for more.

• Middle Korean: 오 (-wo, yang-vowel modulator suffix)

乎 (*-wo)

1. An adverb-deriving suffix.

• Middle Korean: 오 (-wo, yang-vowel adverb-deriving suffix)

乎 (*h(oy)-wo)

1. Form with modulator suffix of 爲 (*ho(y)-, “to do”)

• 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop), 이전경 (Yi Jeon-gyeong), 하귀녀 (Ha Gwi-nyeo), 이용 (Yi Yong), 박진호 (Park Jin-ho), 김성주 (Kim Seong-ju), 장경준 (Jang Gyeong-jun), 서민욱 (Seo Min-uk), 이지영 (Yi Ji-yeong), 서형국 (Seo Hyeong-guk). (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 393—396

乎: Hán Việt readings: hồ, hô
乎: Nôm readings: hồ

1. (Literary Chinese) sentence final particle expressing a question.