歟

See also: 欤

歟	U+6B5F, 歟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B5F

← 歞
[U+6B5E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

歠 →
[U+6B60]

Translingual

Han character

歟 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+14, 18 strokes, cangjie input 竹金弓人 (HCNO), four-corner 7788₂, composition ⿰與欠)

a final particle used to express admiration, doubt, surprise, or to mark a question

Descendants

𛀝

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 573, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16226
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2152, character 10
Unihan data for U+6B5F

Chinese

trad.		歟
simp.		欤
alternative forms		與／与

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 歟
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (舁) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
攑	*kʰlan
藇	sla, ljaʔ, la, laʔ, *las
嶼	*ljaʔ
鱮	*ljaʔ
舉	*klaʔ
櫸	*klaʔ
舁	*la
與	la, laʔ, *las
輿	la, las
旟	*la
璵	*la
歟	la, laʔ, *las
譽	la, las
嬩	*la
擧	*la
鸒	la, las
礜	*las
穥	*las

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *la, *laʔ, *las): phonetic 與 (OC *la, *laʔ, *las) + semantic 欠.

Etymology

question particle: Contraction of 也 (OC *laːlʔ) and 乎 (OC *ɢaː) (Pulleyblank, 1995, p. 139).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yú (yu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄩˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): y²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): û

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yú
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yú
  - Wade–Giles: yü²
  - Yale: yú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
  - Palladius: юй (juj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jyu⁴
  - Yale: yùh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: y²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ṳ́
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: y²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: û
  - Tâi-lô: û
  - Phofsit Daibuun: uu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /u²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /u²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /u¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /u²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /u²³/

Middle Chinese: yo, yoX, yoH

Rime
Character	歟	歟	歟
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	以 (36)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	魚 (22)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	以諸切	余吕切	羊洳切
Baxter	yo	yoX	yoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨʌ/	/jɨʌ^X/	/jɨʌ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɔ/	/jiɔ^X/	/jiɔ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/iɔ/	/iɔ^X/	/iɔ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨə̆/	/jɨə̆^X/	/jɨə̆^H/
Li Rong	/iɔ/	/iɔ^X/	/iɔ^H/
Wang Li	/jĭo/	/jĭo^X/	/jĭo^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯wo/	/i̯wo^X/	/i̯wo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yú	yǔ	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁴	jyu⁵	jyu⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*la/, /*laʔ/, /*las/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	歟	歟	歟
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	15896	15902	15911
Phonetic component	舁	舁	舁
Rime group	魚	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	余		豫
Old Chinese	/*la/	/*laʔ/	/*las/

Definitions

歟

Sentence-final particle used to express an exclamatory, doubtful or questioning tone
- 1046 October 17, 范仲淹 [Fan Zhongyan], 岳陽樓記 [Memorial to Yueyang Tower]:
  
  其必曰：「先天下之憂而憂，後天下之樂而樂」歟！ [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  其必曰：「先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐」欤！ [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  Qí bì yuē: “Xiān tiānxià zhī yōu ér yōu, hòu tiānxià zhī yuè ér yuè” yú! [Pinyin]
  They will have said, ”Worry before everyone else worries, be happy after everyone else becomes happy”!

Japanese

Shinjitai	欤
Kyūjitai	歟

Kanji

歟

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 欤)

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Readings

Go-on: よ (yo)
Kan-on: よ (yo)
Kun: か (ka, 歟)、や (ya, 歟)

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 歟 – see the following entry.

【か】

[particle] interrogative or rhetorical question particle, similar to a question mark ("?").

[particle] indefinite particle; "some-"

[particle] disjunctive particle; "or"

[particle] whether (or not)

[particle] indication of doubt

[prefix] (emphatic, before an adjective, no longer productive) very

[suffix] forms 形容動詞 (keiyō dōshi, “-na adjectives”) from stems, indicating the state or feeling of an object

Alternative spellings
乎, カ, ヵ

(This term, 歟, is an alternative spelling (literary, obsolete) of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

歟 (eum 여 (yeo))

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Vietnamese

Han character

歟: Hán Nôm readings: ru

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