斬

See also: 斩 and 䡊

斬	U+65AC, 斬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65AC

← 斫
[U+65AB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

断 →
[U+65AD]

Translingual

Han character

斬 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十十竹一中 (JJHML), four-corner 5202₁, composition ⿰車斤)

Derived characters

嶃慚(惭) 摲(𰓼) 漸獑(𰡔) 䁪(𥇢) 螹(𰳂) 鏩䱿嶄(崭) 蔪(𰱑) 塹(堑) 㜞(𰌆) 㟻慙㨻(𪮃) 暫(暂) 槧(椠) 磛覱䟅蹔(𫏐) 鏨(錾) 䭕(𬲕) 䳻
𠌲𠼗(𫪚) 𡐛𣊙𤍖(𬊗) 𥕌𦗝𧴃𬧋𩞏𧽯(𫎸) 𮅼𭄇𠼃𢄤𬆉(𬆂) 𦗚𧐮𩀧𩈻𩴕

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 479, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13555
Dae Jaweon: page 838, character 16
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2024, character 10
Unihan data for U+65AC

Chinese

trad.		斬
simp.		斩

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 斬
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
慚	*zaːm
慙	*zaːm
鏨	zaːm, zaːmʔ, zaːms, zeːm, *zamʔ
槧	zaːmʔ, sʰam, sʰams, zamʔ
暫	*zaːms
蹔	*zaːms
斬	*ʔsreːmʔ
獑	zeːm, zaːm
嶃	zreːmʔ, zaːm
覱	*ʔsraːms
摲	*sʰraːms
漸	ʔsam, zamʔ
塹	*sʰams
壍	*sʰams
嬱	*sʰams
螹	zam, zamʔ
蔪	*zamʔ

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhǎn (zhan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zan³

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): zàn

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): zhǎn
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zaam²

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): zaang²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): zam²
Gan (Wiktionary): zan³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chám

(Hailu, HRS): zam^ˊ

(Meixian, Guangdong): zam³
Jin (Wiktionary): zan²
Northern Min (KCR): cǎng
Eastern Min (BUC): cāng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zang³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chám / cháⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): zam²

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): zam²
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): zaam²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tse
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zan³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎn
  - Wade–Giles: chan³
  - Yale: jǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaan
  - Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zan³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡san⁵³/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: zàn
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sã⁵³/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: zhǎn
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): zhan³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂã¹¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zaam²
  - Yale: jáam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaam²
  - Guangdong Romanization: zam²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːm³⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: zaang²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: zam²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sam⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: zan³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡san²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chám
  - Hakka Romanization System: zam^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zam³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sam³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zam^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sam²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zam³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sam³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zan²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sæ̃⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǎng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zang³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: câng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zang³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chám / cháⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tsám / tsánn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zarm, zvar
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sam⁵³/, /t͡sã⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sam⁵⁵⁴/, /t͡sã⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sam⁵³/, /t͡sã⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sam⁵³/, /t͡sã⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sam⁴¹/, /t͡sã⁴¹/

Note:

chám - literary;
cháⁿ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zam²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsám
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sam⁵²/
(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: zam²
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sam³¹/

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: zaam²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sam³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tse
  - MiniDict: tse^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tse
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡se³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zan³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡san⁴¹/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 斬
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂan²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂan²¹³/
	Tianjin	/t͡san¹³/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂã⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/t͡sã⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂan⁵³/
	Xi'an	/t͡sã⁵³/
	Xining	/t͡sã⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂan⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/t͡san⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡san⁴²/
	Chengdu	/t͡san⁵³/
	Guiyang	/t͡san⁴²/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂã̠⁵³³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹²/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂæ̃²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sæ̃⁵³/
	Pingyao	/t͡sɑŋ⁵³/ /t͡sɑ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sæ̃⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡se³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡se̞⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sẽ̞⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sa³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sɛ³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sɔ³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡san⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡san⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡san²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sam³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sɑm³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sam³⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡sɛm³⁵/ /t͡sam³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sam³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sam⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡saŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡saŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰam⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tam²¹³/

Middle Chinese: tsreamX

Rime
Character	斬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	側減切
Baxter	tsreamX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠɛm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚæm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃɐm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂəɨm^X/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃɐm^X/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃɐm^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂăm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaam²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ramʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsreːmʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	斬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrɛm^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ramʔ/
English	cut off
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	斬
Reading #	1/1
No.	16796
Phonetic component
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ʔsreːmʔ/

Definitions

斬

to cut; to hack; to chop (with a large blade, forcefully)
斬叉燒、斬雞 [Cantonese, trad.]
斩叉烧、斩鸡 [Cantonese, simp.]
zaam² caa¹ siu¹, zaam² gai¹ [Jyutping]
to cut char siu; to cut chicken

斬樹／斩树 [Cantonese] ― zaam² syu⁶ [Jyutping] ― to fell a tree

斬死人／斩死人 [Cantonese] ― zaam² sei² jan⁴ [Jyutping] ― to hack a person to death
to behead (as punishment); to chop the waist
a surname, Zhan

Synonyms

(to cut):

Dialectal synonyms of 砍 (“to chop; to hack”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		砍
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	砍
	Taiwan	砍
	Singapore	砍, 斬
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	砍
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	砍
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	砍
	Wuhan	砍, 剁
	Guilin	砍
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	砍, 㓠
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	砍
Cantonese	Guangzhou	斬
	Hong Kong	斬
	Yangjiang	并
	Beihai	斬
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	斬
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	斬
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	斬
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	斬
	Singapore (Guangfu)	斬
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	斬
	Móng Cái	斬
Gan	Nanchang	砍, 剁
Hakka	Meixian	斬, 砍
Jin	Taiyuan	砍
Northern Min	Jian'ou	砍, 斫
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	剉, 鍘
Southern Min	Xiamen	鏨, 砍, 斲, 刜
	Quanzhou	鏨, 斲
	Zhangzhou	鏨, 斲, 刜
	Taipei	鏨
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	鏨
	Kaohsiung	鏨
	Yilan	鏨
	Changhua (Lukang)	鏨
	Taichung	鏨, 斲
	Tainan	鏨
	Hsinchu	鏨, 斲
	Kinmen	鏨
	Penghu (Magong)	鏨
	Penang (Hokkien)	鏨
	Singapore (Hokkien)	斲, 斬
	Manila (Hokkien)	鏨
	Chaozhou	斬, 斲
	Shantou	斬
	Jieyang	斬, 斲
	Singapore (Teochew)	斲
	Pontianak (Teochew)	斬
Wu	Suzhou	㔍
Wu	Wenzhou	剉, 剁
Xiang	Changsha	砍, 剁
Xiang	Shuangfeng	剁, 砍

Compounds

一斬齊 / 一斩齐
三斬 / 三斩
不斬 / 不斩
不斬眼 / 不斩眼
中斬 / 中斩
俘斬 / 俘斩
先斬後奏 / 先斩后奏 (xiānzhǎnhòuzòu)
先斬後聞 / 先斩后闻
出斬 / 出斩
剉斬 / 剉斩
劈荊斬棘 / 劈荆斩棘
劈風斬浪 / 劈风斩浪
問斬 / 问斩 (wènzhǎn)
大有斬獲 / 大有斩获
寸斬 / 寸斩
屠斬 / 屠斩
市斬 / 市斩
律斬 / 律斩
快刀斬亂絲 / 快刀斩乱丝
快刀斬亂麻 / 快刀斩乱麻 (kuàidāo zhǎn luànmá)
快刀斬麻 / 快刀斩麻
截鐵斬釘 / 截铁斩钉
抄斬 / 抄斩 (chāozhǎn)
披荊斬棘 / 披荆斩棘 (pījīngzhǎnjí)
搴旗斬馘 / 搴旗斩馘
擊斬 / 击斩
斫斬 / 斫斩
斬伐 / 斩伐
斬候決 / 斩候决
斬假石 / 斩假石
斬冰 / 斩冰
斬切 / 斩切
斬刈 / 斩刈
斬刈殺伐 / 斩刈杀伐
斬刑 / 斩刑
斬刪 / 斩删
斬剉 / 斩剉
斬剮 / 斩剐
斬勘 / 斩勘
斬宗絕嗣 / 斩宗绝嗣
斬將刈旗 / 斩将刈旗
斬將奪旗 / 斩将夺旗
斬將搴旗 / 斩将搴旗 (zhǎnjiàngqiānqí)
斬岸 / 斩岸
斬平 / 斩平
斬截 / 斩截
斬戮 / 斩戮
斬捕 / 斩捕
斬撻 / 斩挞
斬斫 / 斩斫
斬斬 / 斩斩
斬斬剁剁 / 斩斩剁剁
斬斮 / 斩斮
斬新 / 斩新 (zhǎnxīn)
斬斷 / 斩断
斬旗 / 斩旗
斬木揭竿 / 斩木揭竿
斬木為兵 / 斩木为兵
斬板 / 斩板
斬梟 / 斩枭
斬標 / 斩标
斬殃 / 斩殃
斬殄 / 斩殄
斬殺 / 斩杀 (zhǎnshā)
斬毒 / 斩毒
斬決 / 斩决
斬滅 / 斩灭
斬焉 / 斩焉
斬然 / 斩然
斬版 / 斩版
斬犯 / 斩犯
斬獲 / 斩获 (zhǎnhuò)
斬監候 / 斩监候
斬盡殺絕 / 斩尽杀绝
斬盡殺絶 / 斩尽杀绝
斬眼 / 斩眼
斬祀 / 斩祀
斬立決 / 斩立决
斬竿 / 斩竿
斬竿揭木 / 斩竿揭木
斬級 / 斩级
斬絕 / 斩绝
斬經堂 / 斩经堂
斬縗 / 斩缞
斬罪 / 斩罪
斬艾 / 斩艾
斬芟 / 斩芟
斬荊披棘 / 斩荆披棘
斬草除根 / 斩草除根 (zhǎncǎochúgēn)
斬薙 / 斩剃
斬蛇 / 斩蛇
斬蛇逐鹿 / 斩蛇逐鹿
斬蛟 / 斩蛟
斬衰 / 斩衰
斬袂 / 斩袂
斬衰冠 / 斩衰冠
斬袪 / 斩袪
斬釘切鐵 / 斩钉切铁
斬釘截鐵 / 斩钉截铁 (zhǎndīngjiétiě)
斬鋼截鐵 / 斩钢截铁
斬關 / 斩关
斬關奪隘 / 斩关夺隘
斬除 / 斩除
斬雞頭 / 斩鸡头
斬頭瀝血 / 斩头沥血
斬首 / 斩首 (zhǎnshǒu)
斬首示眾 / 斩首示众
斬馘 / 斩馘
斬馬 / 斩马
斬馬刀 / 斩马刀 (zhǎnmǎdāo)
斬馬劍 / 斩马剑
斬馬謖 / 斩马谡
斬齊 / 斩齐
斷斬 / 断斩
服斬 / 服斩
格斬 / 格斩
梟斬 / 枭斩
滿門抄斬 / 满门抄斩 (mǎnménchāozhǎn)
監斬 / 监斩
監斬官 / 监斩官
終斬 / 终斩
腰斬 / 腰斩 (yāozhǎn)
處斬 / 处斩 (chǔzhǎn)
衰斬 / 衰斩
要斬 / 要斩 (yāozhǎn)
誅斬 / 诛斩
論斬 / 论斩
跋隊斬 / 跋队斩
過關斬將 / 过关斩将 (guòguānzhǎnjiàng)
錯斬崔寧 / 错斩崔宁
陣斬 / 阵斩
陪斬 / 陪斩
駢斬 / 骈斩
麤縗斬 / 粗缞斩
齊斬 / 齐斩

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (斬):

→ Vietnamese: trảm (斬)

Others:

→ Thai: จาม (jaam)
→ Vietnamese: chém

References

“斬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chām / chǎm

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chām
  - Tâi-lô: tsām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zam
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /t͡sam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen): /t͡sam²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǎm
  - Tâi-lô: tsǎm
  - IPA (Lukang): /t͡sam³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sam²²/

Definitions

斬

(Hokkien) alternative form of 鏨 / 錾

Japanese

Kanji

斬

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: せん (sen)
Kan-on: さん (san)
Kan’yō-on: ざん (zan, Jōyō)
Kun: きる (kiru, 斬る, Jōyō)

Korean

Hanja

斬 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

斬: Hán Nôm readings: trảm, chém

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.