成都

Chinese

		finish; complete; accomplish finish; complete; accomplish; become; turn into; win; succeed; one tenth	metropolis; capital city; all metropolis; capital city; all; both (if two things are involved); entirely; even; already
simp. and trad. (成都)		成	都

Etymology

May be the transcription of a native non-Chinese word. Attested on excavated artefacts dating to the late Warring States Period, as well as in the Records of the Grand Historian.

Compare 邛都, 新都 (Xīndū), 廣都／广都, 筰都, 武都 (Wǔdū), all of which are toponyms in present-day southwest China with 都 (OC *taː) as the second syllable. In particular, according to the Records of the Grand Historian, 邛都 (OC *ɡoŋ taː) and 筰都 (OC *zaːɡ taː) were originally names of tribes that were "Southwestern Barbarians" (西南夷 (Xīnányí)).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): Chéngdū

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄉㄨ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): Cen² du¹
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sing⁴ dou¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): sen³ u¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Sṳ̀n-tû

(Hailu, HRS): shin du^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): sen² du¹
Eastern Min (BUC): Sìng-dŭ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing² dou¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Sêng-to͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁵ dou¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zen-tu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Chéngdū
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄉㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Chéngdu
  - Wade–Giles: Chʻêng²-tu¹
  - Yale: Chéng-dū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Cherngdu
  - Palladius: Чэнду (Čɛndu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tu⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: Cen² du¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: Cendu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰən²¹ tu⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sing⁴ dou¹
  - Yale: sìhng dōu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁴ dou¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xing⁴ dou¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: sen³ u¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sen²² u³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sṳ̀n-tû
  - Hakka Romanization System: siin^ˇ du^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sin² du¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹ tu²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: shin du^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /ʃin⁵⁵ tu⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sen² du¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sən¹¹ tu⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Sìng-dŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t-)nu⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing² dou¹ [Phonetic: sing⁵ dou¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Síng-do
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ tɔu⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing² dou¹ [Phonetic: sing⁵ dou¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tɔu⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sêng-to͘
  - Tâi-lô: Sîng-too
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sengdof
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ¹³⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²³⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sêng⁵ dou¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng tou
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tou³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zen-tu
  - MiniDict: zen^去 tu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen-tu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²² tu⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: dzyeng tu

Rime
Character	成	都
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	清 (121)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	是征切	當孤切
Baxter	dzyeng	tu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇŋ/	/tuo/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛŋ/	/tuo/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiæŋ/	/to/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiajŋ/	/tɔ/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛŋ/	/to/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛŋ/	/tu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛŋ/	/tuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chéng	dū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing⁴	dou¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]eŋ tˤa/

(Zhengzhang): /*djeŋ taː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	成	都
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chéng	dū
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyeng ›	‹ tu ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]eŋ/	/*tˁa/
English	to become (v.i.)	capital city
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	成	都
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1417	16968
Phonetic component	成	者
Rime group	耕	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	成	都
Old Chinese	/*djeŋ/	/*taː/
Notes	說文丁聲，甲文戌下一豎，或表戈已製成

Proper noun

成都

(～市) Chengdu (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, China)
(～市) (historical) Chengdu (the capital city of the kingdom of Shu)

Synonyms

(informal or literary nicknames): 龜城／龟城 (Guīchéng), 錦城／锦城 (Jǐnchéng), 蓉城 (Róngchéng); 錦官城／锦官城 (Jǐnguānchéng) (obsolete)
(historical): 西京 (Xījīng) (at fall of Ming)

Derived terms

成都人
成都話 / 成都话

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (成都):

→ Japanese: 成(せい)都(と) (Seito)
→ Korean: 성도(成都) (Seongdo)
→ Vietnamese: Thành Đô (成都)

Others:

→ English: Chengdu, Chengtu, Ch'eng-tu
→ French: Chengdu, Tcheng-tou
→ Japanese: チョントゥー (Chontū), チェンドゥ (Chendu)
→ Korean: 청두 (Cheongdu)
→ Manchu: ᠴᡝᠩ
ᡩ᠋ᡠ᠋ (ceng du)
→ Portuguese: Chengdu
→ Russian: Чэнду́ (Čɛndú), Ченду́ (Čɛndú)
→ Zhuang: Cwngzduh

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
成	都
せい Grade: 4	と Grade: 3
kan'on

Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 成都 (Chéngdū).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せーと [séꜜètò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [se̞ːto̞]

Proper noun

成(せい)都(と) • (Seito)

Chengdu (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, in southwestern China)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
成	都
ちぇん Grade: 4	どぅ Grade: 3
irregular

Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

Borrowed from Mandarin 成都 (Chéngdū).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [t͡ɕẽ̞ndɯ̟]

Proper noun

成都(チェンドゥ) • (Chendu)

Chengdu (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, in southwestern China)

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
成	都

Proper noun

成都 • (Seongdo) (hangeul 성도)

hanja form^? of 성도 (“Chengdu”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
成	都

Proper noun

成都

chữ Hán form of Thành Đô (“Chengdu”)

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

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