拳

拳 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火手手 (FQQ), four-corner 9050₂, composition ⿱龹手)

• 券

• 𱐉, 𡺹, 搼, 𰯈, 𨃪, 𩏗, 𦶸

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 428, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11996
• Dae Jaweon: page 777, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1864, character 8
• Unihan data for U+62F3

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡron): phonetic 龹 + semantic 手 (“hand”) – a fist is a form of a hand.

From 卷 (OC *ɡron, “to bent; to curve”) (Schuessler, 2007; also cf. Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

拳

1. fist
2. Chinese boxing

   洪拳 [Cantonese]  ―  hung⁴ kyun⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  Hung Ga

   太極拳／太极拳  ―  tàijíquán  ―  tai chi; taijiquan

3. Classifier for strikes made with a fist.
4. alternative form of 踡 (quán, “to curl; to bend up”)
5. a surname

Others:

• → Bouyei: jianz
• → Khmer: គុន (kun)
• → Zhuang: gienz

(Jōyō kanji)

1. ken, a game played with the hands; a game of hands; in Italian, mor(r)a, a game in which two (or more) players each suddenly display a hand showing zero to five fingers and call out what they think will be the sum of all fingers shown.
2. fist, usually as a suffix in the names of martial art moves

• Go-on: げん (gen)^{←げん (gen, historical)←ぐゑん (gwen, ancient)}
• Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)^{←けん (ken, historical)←くゑん (kwen, ancient)}
• Kun: こぶし (kobushi, 拳, Jōyō)
• Nanori: かたし (katashi)、つとむ (tsutomu)

Probably from Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 810 CE.^[5]

Japanese dictionaries do not list any further derivation.^[5][6][7] A surface analysis suggests that this term might be a compound. If so, possibly from 小 (ko, diminutive prefix) + 節 (fushi, “joint; knuckle; knob”).

• (Tokyo) こぶし [kòbúshí] (Heiban – [0])^[6]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞bɯ̟ɕi]

拳(こぶし) • (kobushi) 

1. [from 810] fist
2. [from early 1300s] the shape of the hand when gripping a sword hilt
3. [from early 1300s] (by extension) swordsmanship, ability with a sword

   Synonym: 腕前 (udemae, “ability”)

4. [from 1500s] the shape of the hand when gripping a bow
5. [from 1500s] (by extension) bowmanship, ability with a bow

   Synonym: 腕前 (udemae, “ability”)

6. [from 1588] (by extension from the fist of a falconer) huntsmanship, hunting ability
7. alternative spelling of 辛夷 (kobushi, “Kobushi magnolia, Magnolia kobus”)

• 握(にぎ)り拳(こぶし) (nigirikobushi)

From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC gjwen).

The standalone noun senses are first cited to texts from the 1500s.^[5]

• (Tokyo) けん [kéꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[6][8] for the noun sense
• IPA^(key): [kẽ̞ɴ]

拳(けん) • (ken) 

1. [from 1500s] a fist

   Synonyms: 拳 (kobushi), 握り拳 (nigiri kobushi), 拳固 (genko), 拳骨 (genkotsu)

2. [after 1560] any of the martial arts that use the fists for striking, such as 空手 (karate)
3. [after 1644] any of several finger-shape games, including じゃんけんぽん (jankenpon, “rock paper scissors”)

拳(けん) • (-ken) 

1. (martial arts) used in the names of styles, or moves that involve punching

   Antonym: 脚 (-kyaku)

   蟷(とう)螂(ろう)拳(けん)

   tōrōken

   mantis style

   太(たい)極(きょく)拳(けん)

   taikyokuken

   tai chi

   波(は)動(どう)拳(けん)

   Hadōken

   Surge Fist

   • 1999 February 20 [1994 April 15], Rumiko Takahashi, “ＰＡＲＴ(パート).２　[海](うみ)[千](せん)[拳](けん)と[山](やま)[千](せん)[拳](けん) [PART.2 Umisenken and Yamasenken]”, in らんま½ [Ranma ½], 10th edition, volume 28 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN:

     やつの目(もく)的(てき)はおそらく、山(やま)千(せん)拳(けん)と対(つい)をなす海(うみ)千(せん)拳(けん)の秘(ひ)伝(でん)書(しょ)。

     Yatsu no mokuteki wa osoraku, Yamasenken to tsui o nasu Umisenken no hidensho.

     He must be looking for the scroll for Umisenken, the antithesis of Yamasenken.

     海(うみ)千(せん)拳(けん)？

     Umisenken?

     Umisenken?

   • 2000 December 20 [1999 May 17], Maekawa, Takeshi, “水(すい)面(めん)の戦(たたか)いの巻(まき) [Water Struggle]”, in 新(しん)鉄(てっ)拳(けん)チンミ [New Ironfist Chinmi], 2nd edition, volume 6 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 158–161:

     今(こん)度(ど)はこっちの番(ばん)だソウビ‼

     Kondo wa kotchi no ban da Sōbi‼

     It’s my turn now, Sōbi‼

     む

     Mu

     Mm?

     通(つう)‥‥背(はい)‥‥拳(けん)‼‼

     Tsū‥‥hai‥‥ken‼‼

     Tong‥‥bei‥‥quan‼‼

     通(つう)背(はい)拳(けん)⁉吊(つ)り橋(はし)でみせたあの技(わざ)で　水(みず)を‥‥‼

     Tsūhaiken⁉ Tsurihashi de miseta ano waza de Mizu o‥‥‼

     Tongbeiquan⁉ I saw him use this move at the suspension bridge, but now on water‥‥⁉

   • 2001 January 23, Masami Kurumada, “女神(アテナ)の聖闘士(セイント)の巻(まき) [Athena’s Saints]”, in Saint(セイント)星(セイ)矢(ヤ) [Saint Seiya], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 60:

     ペガサス流(りゅう)星(せい)拳(けん)‼

     Pegasasu Ryūseiken‼

     Pegasus Meteor Fists‼

   • 2004 September 8, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “第(だい)36話(わ)　カーニバル［祭(まつり)］ [Chapter 36: Carnival]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 4, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:

     直(ちょく)撃(げき)！ブラボー拳(けん)‼

     Chokugeki! Burabō-ken‼

     Direct! Bravo Punch‼

From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC gjwen).

Recorded as Middle Korean 꿘 (Yale: kkwen) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean 권 (kwen) (Yale: kwen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Wikisource

拳 (eumhun 주먹 권 (jumeok gwon))

1. hanja form^? of 권 (“fist”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

拳: Hán Nôm readings: quyền, quèn, long, thành

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