文質彬彬
See also: 文质彬彬
Chinese
language; culture; writing language; culture; writing; formal; literary; gentle |
hostage; substance; nature hostage; substance; nature; quality |
refined, gentle and elegant; having both literary flourish and substance | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (文質彬彬) | 文 | 質 | 彬彬 | |
| simp. (文质彬彬) | 文 | 质 | 彬彬 | |
Etymology
From the Analects, Book 6 (《論語·雍也》):
- 子曰：「質勝文則野，文勝質則史。文質彬彬，然後君子。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐyuē: “Zhì shèng wén zé yě, wén shèng zhì zé shǐ. Wén zhì bīnbīn, ránhòu jūnzǐ.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "Where the solid qualities are in excess of accomplishments, we have rusticity; where the accomplishments are in excess of the solid qualities, we have the manners of a clerk. When the accomplishments and solid qualities are equally blended, we then have the man of virtue."
子曰：「质胜文则野，文胜质则史。文质彬彬，然后君子。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Pinyin): wénzhìbīnbīn, wénzhíbīnbīn
- (Zhuyin): ㄨㄣˊ ㄓˋ ㄅㄧㄣ ㄅㄧㄣ, ㄨㄣˊ ㄓˊ ㄅㄧㄣ ㄅㄧㄣ
- Cantonese (Jyutping): man4 zat1 ban1 ban1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vùn-chṳt-pîn-pîn
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wénzhìbīnbīn
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄣˊ ㄓˋ ㄅㄧㄣ ㄅㄧㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wúnjhìhbinbin
- Wade–Giles: wên2-chih4-pin1-pin1
- Yale: wén-jr̀-bīn-bīn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wenjyhbinbin
- Palladius: вэньчжибиньбинь (vɛnʹčžibinʹbinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ pin⁵⁵ pin⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wénzhíbīnbīn
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄣˊ ㄓˊ ㄅㄧㄣ ㄅㄧㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wúnjhíhbinbin
- Wade–Giles: wên2-chih2-pin1-pin1
- Yale: wén-jŕ-bīn-bīn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wenjyrbinbin
- Palladius: вэньчжибиньбинь (vɛnʹčžibinʹbinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ pin⁵⁵ pin⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: man4 zat1 ban1 ban1
- Yale: màhn jāt bān bān
- Cantonese Pinyin: man4 dzat7 ban1 ban1
- Guangdong Romanization: men4 zed1 ben1 ben1
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐn²¹ t͡sɐt̚⁵ pɐn⁵⁵ pɐn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vùn-chṳt-pîn-pîn
- Hakka Romanization System: vunˇ ziidˋ binˊ binˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: vun2 zid5 bin1 bin1
- Sinological IPA: /vun¹¹ t͡sɨt̚² pin²⁴⁻¹¹ pin²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
Idiom
文質彬彬
- gentle; refined in manner
- 革命不是請客吃飯，不是做文章，不是繪畫繡花，不能那樣雅致，那樣從容不迫，文質彬彬，那樣溫良恭儉讓。革命是暴動，是一個階級推翻一個階級的暴烈行動。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1927, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《湖南農民運動考察報告》 (Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
- Gémìng bùshì qǐngkè chīfàn, bùshì zuòwénzhāng, bùshì huìhuà xiùhuā, bùnéng nàyàng yǎzhì, nàyàng cóngróngbùpò, wénzhìbīnbīn, nàyàng wēnliánggōngjiǎnràng. Gémìng shì bàodòng, shì yī ge jiējí tuīfān yī ge jiējí de bàoliè xíngdòng. [Pinyin]
- [A] revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture, or doing embroidery; it cannot be so refined, so leisurely and gentle, so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and magnanimous. A revolution is an insurrection, an act of violence by which one class overthrows another.
革命不是请客吃饭，不是做文章，不是绘画绣花，不能那样雅致，那样从容不迫，文质彬彬，那样温良恭俭让。革命是暴动，是一个阶级推翻一个阶级的暴烈行动。 [MSC, simp.]
- (literary, originally) well balanced between literary talent and simplicity; displaying literary talent yet not frivolous
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 文 | 質 | 彬 | 彬 |
| ぶん Grade: 1 |
しつ Grade: 5 |
ひん Jinmeiyō |
ひん > ぴん Jinmeiyō |
| kan'on | |||
Etymology
From the Analects of Confucius.[1][2][3]
Analyzable as 文質 (bunshitsu, “civilized sophistication and simplicity”) + 彬彬 (hinpin, “harmonized, well-proportioned, well-balanced”).
Pronunciation
Idiom
文質彬彬 • (bunshitsu hinpin)
- the outer beauty and the inner quality are well-harmonized
Adjective
文質彬彬 • (bunshitsu hinpin) †-tari (adnominal 文質彬彬とした (bunshitsu hinpin to shita) or 文質彬彬たる (bunshitsu hinpin taru), adverbial 文質彬彬と (bunshitsu hinpin to) or 文質彬彬として (bunshitsu hinpin to shite))
- refined in manner, exhibiting a balance between civilized sophistication and simplicity
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "文質彬彬たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 文質彬彬たら | ぶんしつひんぴんたら | bunsitu finpintara | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 文質彬彬と[1] 文質彬彬たり[2] |
ぶんしつひんぴんと ぶんしつひんぴんたり |
bunsitu finpinto bunsitu finpintari | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 文質彬彬たり | ぶんしつひんぴんたり | bunsitu finpintari | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 文質彬彬たる | ぶんしつひんぴんたる | bunsitu finpintaru | |
| Realis (已然形) | 文質彬彬たれ | ぶんしつひんぴんたれ | bunsitu finpintare | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 文質彬彬たれ | ぶんしつひんぴんたれ | bunsitu finpintare | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | 文質彬彬たらず | ぶんしつひんぴんたらず | bunsitu finpintarazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | 文質彬彬たれど | ぶんしつひんぴんたれど | bunsitu finpintaredo | |
| Causal conjunction | 文質彬彬たれば | ぶんしつひんぴんたれば | bunsitu finpintareba | |
| Conditional conjunction | 文質彬彬たらば | ぶんしつひんぴんたらば | bunsitu finpintaraba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 文質彬彬たりき | ぶんしつひんぴんたりき | bunsitu finpintariki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 文質彬彬たりけり | ぶんしつひんぴんたりけり | bunsitu finpintarikeri | |
| Adverbial | 文質彬彬と | ぶんしつひんぴんと | bunsitu finpinto | |
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 文 | 質 | 彬 | 彬 |
Noun
文質彬彬 • (munjilbinbin) (hangeul 문질빈빈)