棗

See also: 枣 and 棘

棗	U+68D7, 棗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68D7

← 棖
[U+68D6]

CJK Unified Ideographs

棘 →
[U+68D8]

Translingual

Han character

棗 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木月木月 (DBDB) or 難木月木月 (XDBDB), four-corner 5090₂, composition ⿱朿朿)

Derived characters

𪦡, 𭫼, 𫓇, 𤒗, 𫼄, 𮐿

Descendants

枣 (simplified Chinese)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 532, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14937
Dae Jaweon: page 920, character 24
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1228, character 1
Unihan data for U+68D7

Chinese

trad.		棗
simp.		枣
alternative forms		𠂲 ancient 𠄬枣栆 unorthodox 𣝯𠂲 ancient 𠄬枣栆 unorthodox 𣝯𬃷 unorthodox 𬃔 erroneous 𣕤 erroneous 𬃅 erroneous

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 棗
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): Duplication of 朿 (“thorn”).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zǎo (zao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zao³
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zou²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): dau²
Gan (Wiktionary): zau³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chó

(Hailu, HRS): zo^ˊ

(Meixian, Guangdong): zau³
Jin (Wiktionary): zau²
Northern Min (KCR): cǎu
Eastern Min (BUC): cō̤
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zo³ / zor³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chó / chó͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): zo²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tsau
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zau³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zǎo
  - Wade–Giles: tsao³
  - Yale: dzǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzao
  - Palladius: цзао (czao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (棗兒 / 枣儿)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zǎor
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˇㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zǎor
  - Wade–Giles: tsao³-ʼrh
  - Yale: dzǎur
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaol
  - Palladius: цзаор (czaor)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴/

Note: Erhuayin for the kernel sense only.

- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zao³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sau⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zou²
  - Yale: jóu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzou²
  - Guangdong Romanization: zou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sou̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: dau²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: zau³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sau²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chó
  - Hakka Romanization System: zo^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zo³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡so³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zo^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡so²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zau³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sau³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zau²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sau⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǎu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sau²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cō̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡so³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zo³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ceô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡so⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zo³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡so³³²/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zor³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cô̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɒ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zor³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɒ³³²/

Note:

zo3 - vernacular;
zor3 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó
  - Tâi-lô: tsó
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoir
  - IPA (Tainan): /t͡sɤ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Yilan, Kinmen): /t͡so⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡so⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Lukang): /t͡so⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó͘
  - Tâi-lô: tsóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zor
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

Quanzhou:
- chó - vernacular;
- chó͘ - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zo²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsó
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡so⁵²/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsau
  - MiniDict: tsau^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɔ³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zau³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɒu̯⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: tsawX

Rime
Character	棗
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	子晧切
Baxter	tsawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɑu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sɑu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɑu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡saw^X/
Li Rong	/t͡sɑu^X/
Wang Li	/t͡sɑu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sɑu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zou²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤuʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsuːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	棗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ tsaw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁuʔ/
English	jujube
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	棗
Reading #	1/1
No.	16564
Phonetic component
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	早
Old Chinese	/*ʔsuːʔ/

Definitions

棗

jujube; Chinese date
a surname

Synonyms

(jujube):

Dialectal synonyms of 棗 (“jujube; Chinese date”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		棗
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		棗
Taxonomic name		棗
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	棗兒
	Taiwan	棗子
	Chengde	棗兒
	Chifeng	棗兒
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	棗兒, 大棗兒
	Heihe	棗兒
	Qiqihar	棗兒
	Harbin	棗兒
	Jiamusi	棗兒
	Baicheng	棗兒
	Changchun	棗兒
	Tonghua	棗兒
	Shenyang	棗兒
	Jinzhou	棗兒
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	棗兒
	Tangshan	棗兒
	Cangzhou	棗兒
	Baoding	棗兒
	Shijiazhuang	棗兒
	Lijin	棗兒
	Jinan	棗
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	家棗兒
	Dandong	棗兒
	Yantai	棗兒
	Yantai (Muping)	棗兒, 家棗兒
	Qingdao	棗兒
	Zhucheng	棗兒
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	棗兒
	Lingbao	棗
	Jining	棗
	Wanrong	棗
	Linfen	棗兒
	Shangqiu	棗
	Yuanyang	棗兒
	Zhengzhou	棗
	Xinyang	棗
	Baihe	棗兒
	Xi'an	棗兒
	Baoji	棗
	Tianshui	棗兒
	Xining	棗兒
	Xuzhou	棗子, 棗
	Fuyang	棗子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	棗子
	Lanzhou	棗兒
	Dunhuang	棗兒
	Hami	棗兒
	Ürümqi	棗子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	棗子
	Nanchong	棗子
	Dazhou	棗子
	Hanyuan	棗子
	Xichang	棗子
	Zigong	棗子
	Chongqing	棗子
	Wuhan	棗子
	Yichang	棗子
	Xiangyang	棗子
	Tianmen	棗子
	Guiyang	棗子
	Zunyi	棗兒
	Bijie	棗子
	Liping	棗子
	Zhaotong	棗子
	Dali	棗
	Kunming	棗子
	Mengzi	棗子
	Guilin	棗子
	Liuzhou	棗子
	Jishou	棗子
	Changde	棗子
	Hanzhong	棗子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	棗子
	Yangzhou	棗子
	Lianyungang	棗子, 棗
	Lianshui	木棗
	Nantong	棗兒
	Anqing	棗子
	Wuhu	棗子
	Hefei	棗子
	Hong'an	棗子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	棗
	Hong Kong	棗
	Dongguan	棗
	Yangjiang	棗子
Gan	Nanchang	棗子
	Lichuan	棗仔
	Pingxiang	棗子
Hakka	Meixian	棗仔
Hakka	Yudu	棗子
Huizhou	Jixi	棗
Huizhou	Shexian	棗
Jin	Taiyuan	棗兒
	Yangyuan	棗兒
	Datong	棗兒
	Xinzhou	棗兒
	Lüliang (Lishi)	棗兒
	Changzhi	棗兒
	Linhe	棗兒
	Jining	棗兒
	Hohhot	棗兒
	Erenhot	棗
	Pingshan	棗兒
	Zhangjiakou	棗兒
	Handan	棗兒, 棗子
	Linzhou	棗兒
	Suide	棗兒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	棗
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	棗
Southern Min	Xiamen	棗, 棗仔
	Quanzhou	棗
	Zhangzhou	棗
	Chaozhou	棗
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	棗
Wu	Shanghai	棗子
	Suzhou	棗子
	Danyang	棗子
	Hangzhou	棗兒
	Wenzhou	棗兒
	Jinhua	棗兒
Xiang	Changsha	棗子
Xiang	Shuangfeng	棗子

Compounds

三更棗 / 三更枣
乳棗 / 乳枣
交梨火棗 / 交梨火枣
京棗 / 京枣
仙人棗 / 仙人枣
仙棗 / 仙枣
仲思棗 / 仲思枣
千年棗 / 千年枣
吃黑棗 / 吃黑枣
吃黑棗兒 / 吃黑枣儿
咒棗 / 咒枣
嗜棗 / 嗜枣
嘎嘎棗兒 / 嘎嘎枣儿
囫圇吞棗 / 囫囵吞枣 (húlúntūnzǎo)
大棗 / 大枣 (dàzǎo)
嫁棗 / 嫁枣
安期棗 / 安期枣
巨棗 / 巨枣
弱枝棗 / 弱枝枣
拔葵啖棗 / 拔葵啖枣
推梨讓棗 / 推梨让枣
撲棗 / 扑枣
昌歜羊棗 / 昌歜羊枣
枵棗 / 枵枣
梬棗 / 梬枣
梨棗 / 梨枣
棗下 / 枣下
棗仁 / 枣仁
棗兒紅 / 枣儿红
棗呢 / 枣呢
棗圃 / 枣圃
棗圈 / 枣圈
棗園 / 枣园
棗塔 / 枣塔
棗子 / 枣子 (zǎozi)
棗實 / 枣实
棗店 / 枣店 (Zǎodiàn)
棗徑 / 枣径
棗心筆 / 枣心笔
棗昏 / 枣昏
棗木 / 枣木
棗本 / 枣本
棗林 / 枣林
棗核 / 枣核
棗栗 / 枣栗
棗核筆 / 枣核笔
棗核臉 / 枣核脸
棗核釘 / 枣核钉
棗梨 / 枣梨
棘棗 / 棘枣
棗椰 / 枣椰
棗椰子 / 枣椰子 (zǎoyēzi)
棗槊 / 枣槊
棗榛 / 枣榛
棗樹 / 枣树 (zǎoshù)
棗油 / 枣油
棗泥 / 枣泥
棗泥酥 / 枣泥酥
棗瓜 / 枣瓜
棗穰金 / 枣穰金
棗節杖 / 枣节杖
棗糕 / 枣糕
棗糒 / 枣糒
棗糗 / 枣糗
棗紅 / 枣红 (zǎohóng)
棗紅色 / 枣红色
棗脯 / 枣脯
棗脩 / 枣脩
棗膏昏鈍 / 枣膏昏钝
棗花 / 枣花
棗莊 / 枣庄 (Zǎozhuāng)
棗華 / 枣华
棗菜 / 枣菜
棗蔬 / 枣蔬
棗行 / 枣行
棗貓 / 枣猫
棗逕 / 枣迳
棗陽 / 枣阳 (Zǎoyáng)
棗騮 / 枣骝
楓天棗地 / 枫天枣地
椰棗 / 椰枣 (yēzǎo)
㮕棗 / 㮕枣
樂毅棗 / 乐毅枣
樂氏棗 / 乐氏枣
橪棗 / 橪枣
檽棗 / 檽枣
沙棗 / 沙枣 (shāzǎo)
波斯棗 / 波斯枣
海棗 / 海枣 (hǎizǎo)
渾掄吞棗 / 浑抡吞枣
渾淪吞棗 / 浑沦吞枣
火棗 / 火枣
災梨禍棗 / 灾梨祸枣
焦棗 / 焦枣
牙棗 / 牙枣
猴棗 / 猴枣 (hóuzǎo)
番棗 / 番枣
白棗 / 白枣
禍棗災梨 / 祸枣灾梨
紅棗 / 红枣 (hóngzǎo)
纓絡棗 / 缨络枣
羊棗 / 羊枣
羊棗昌歜 / 羊枣昌歜
羊矢棗 / 羊矢枣
肉棗 / 肉枣
肉棗兒 / 肉枣儿
脯棗 / 脯枣
膠棗 / 胶枣
良棗 / 良枣
蜜棗 / 蜜枣 (mìzǎo)
讓棗推梨 / 让枣推梨
軟棗 / 软枣
酸棗 / 酸枣 (suānzǎo)
酸棗子 / 酸枣子
重棗 / 重枣 (zhòngzǎo)
金棗 / 金枣
金絲棗 / 金丝枣
鋟棗 / 锓枣
靈棗 / 灵枣
面如重棗 / 面如重枣 (miàn rú zhòngzǎo)
食棗約 / 食枣约
馬棗 / 马枣
鬢棗 / 鬓枣
鶻崙吞棗 / 鹘仑吞枣
鹽官棗 / 盐官枣
黑棗 / 黑枣 (hēizǎo)
龍棗 / 龙枣

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (棗):

→ Vietnamese: táo (棗)

References

“棗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

棗

(Hyōgai kanji)

jujube

Readings

Go-on: そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
Kan-on: そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
Kun: なつめ (natsume, 棗)

Compounds

酸棗(さんそう) (sansō)
大棗(たいそう) (taisō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
棗
なつめ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 夏 (natsu, “summer”) +‎ 芽 (me, “bud, sprout”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) なつめ [nàtsúmé] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [na̠t͡sɨme̞]

Noun

棗(なつめ) or 棗(ナツメ) • (natsume)

the jujube or Chinese date, Ziziphus jujuba
Hypernym: 黒梅擬 (kuroumemodoki)
a dye made from dried jujube fruits
a small tea caddy used in the tea ceremony

Derived terms

棗(ナツメ)貝(ガイ) (natsumegai)
棗(なつめ)形(がた)手水(ちょうず)鉢(ばち) (natsume-gata chōzubachi)
棗(なつめ)玉(だま) (Natsumedama)
棗(ナツメ)椰(ヤ)子(シ) (natsume yashi, “date palm”, Phoenix dactylifera)
唐(から)棗(なつめ) (kara-natsume)
小(こ)棗(なつめ) (konatsume)
核太(サネブト)棗(ナツメ), 酸(サネブト)棗(ナツメ) (sanebuto natsume)
浜(ハマ)棗(ナツメ) (hama natsume)
平(ひら)棗(なつめ) (hira natsume)

Proper noun

棗(なつめ) • (Natsume)

a female given name
a surname

References

^ 2011, Toshio Komatsu, Hideo Suzuki, 新明解語源辞典 (Shin Meikai Gogen Jiten) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 689
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞]
Phonetic hangul: [조]

Hanja

Wikisource

棗 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

조율 (棗栗, joyul)

Vietnamese

Han character

棗: Hán Nôm readings: táo, táu, tảo

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] 2011, Toshio Komatsu, Hideo Suzuki, 新明解語源辞典 (Shin Meikai Gogen Jiten) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 689

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]