淘汰
Chinese
cleanse; eliminate; to clean out cleanse; eliminate; to clean out; to wash |
to discard; to eliminate; too | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (淘汰) |
淘 | 汰 | |
| alternative forms | 洮汰 | ||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tou4 taai3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thò-thai
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tô-thài / tô͘-thài
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: táotài
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˊ ㄊㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: táotài
- Wade–Giles: tʻao2-tʻai4
- Yale: táu-tài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taurtay
- Palladius: таотай (taotaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tou4 taai3
- Yale: tòuh taai
- Cantonese Pinyin: tou4 taai3
- Guangdong Romanization: tou4 tai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thò-thai
- Hakka Romanization System: toˇ tai
- Hagfa Pinyim: to2 tai4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰo¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô-thài
- Tâi-lô: tô-thài
- Phofsit Daibuun: doi'taix
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /to²⁴⁻²² tʰai²¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /to¹³⁻²² tʰai²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /to²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô͘-thài
- Tâi-lô: tôo-thài
- Phofsit Daibuun: do'taix
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰai⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Middle Chinese: thajH
Verb
淘汰
- (literal) to rinse; to wash away
- (figurative) to eliminate (something bad or unsuitable); to weed out; to make (something) fall into disuse
- 加速淘汰 ― jiāsù táotài ― to hasten elimination
- (sports) to eliminate (a team or player); to knock out
Synonyms
- (to eliminate):
- 免
- 免除 (miǎnchú)
- 刷 (colloquial)
- 削 (literary, or in compounds)
- 削除 (xuēchú)
- 去掉 (qùdiào)
- 去除 (qùchú)
- 報銷 / 报销 (bàoxiāo) (figurative, humorous)
- 屏除 (bǐngchú)
- 廓清 (kuòqīng)
- 打掉 (dǎdiào)
- 掃 / 扫
- 排解 (páijiě)
- 掃除 / 扫除 (sǎochú) (figurative)
- 排除 (páichú)
- 摒除 (bìngchú)
- 撤 (chè)
- 撤除 (chèchú)
- 消 (xiāo)
- 消弭 (xiāomǐ) (literary)
- 消解 (xiāojiě)
- 消釋 / 消释 (xiāoshì) (figurative)
- 消除 (xiāochú)
- 清洗 (qīngxǐ) (figurative)
- 清除 (qīngchú)
- 破 (pò) (literary, or in compounds)
- 破壞 / 破坏 (pòhuài)
- 破除 (pòchú)
- 祛除 (qūchú)
- 罷 / 罢
- 翦落 (jiǎnluò) (literary)
- 肅清 / 肃清 (sùqīng)
- 蕩 / 荡 (dàng) (literary, or in compounds)
- 解釋 / 解释 (jiěshì) (archaic)
- 解除 (jiěchú)
- 鋤 / 锄 (chú)
- 鏟除 / 铲除 (chǎnchú)
- 除
- 除去 (chúqù)
- 除忒 (Hakka)
- 除掉 (chúdiào)
- 除開 / 除开 (chúkāi)
- 革除 (géchú)
- 驅散 / 驱散 (qūsàn)
- 驅走 / 驱走 (qūzǒu)
- 驅除 / 驱除 (qūchú)
Derived terms
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 淘 | 汰 |
| とう Hyōgai |
た Grade: S |
| kan'on | kan'yōon |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 洮汰 |
Etymology
/tau ta/ → /tɔːta/ → /toːta/
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 淘汰 (táotài).
Equivalent to a compound of Middle Chinese-derived elements 淘 (tō, “wash in sieve”) + 汰 (ta, “scour”).
Pronunciation
Noun
Derived terms
Verb
淘汰する • (tōta suru) ←たうた (tauta)?transitive suru (stem 淘汰し (tōta shi), past 淘汰した (tōta shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "淘汰する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 淘汰し | とうたし | tōta shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 淘汰し | とうたし | tōta shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 淘汰する | とうたする | tōta suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 淘汰する | とうたする | tōta suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 淘汰すれ | とうたすれ | tōta sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 淘汰せよ¹ 淘汰しろ² |
とうたせよ¹ とうたしろ² |
tōta seyo¹ tōta shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 淘汰される | とうたされる | tōta sareru | |
| Causative | 淘汰させる 淘汰さす |
とうたさせる とうたさす |
tōta saseru tōta sasu | |
| Potential | 淘汰できる | とうたできる | tōta dekiru | |
| Volitional | 淘汰しよう | とうたしよう | tōta shiyō | |
| Negative | 淘汰しない | とうたしない | tōta shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 淘汰せず | とうたせず | tōta sezu | |
| Formal | 淘汰します | とうたします | tōta shimasu | |
| Perfective | 淘汰した | とうたした | tōta shita | |
| Conjunctive | 淘汰して | とうたして | tōta shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 淘汰すれば | とうたすれば | tōta sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
See also
- 選別 (senbetsu)
- 篩い落とし (furuiotoshi)
References
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 淘 | 汰 |
Noun
淘汰 • (dotae) (hangeul 도태)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 淘 | 汰 |
Verb
淘汰
- chữ Hán form of đào thải (“to purge; to get rid of”)