爪

See also: 爫, 瓜, 手, and 寸
爪 U+722A, 爪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-722A
← 爩
[U+7229] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 爫 →
[U+722B]

⽖ U+2F56, ⽖
KANGXI RADICAL CLAW
← ⽕
[U+2F55] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽗ →
[U+2F57]

⺥ U+2EA5, ⺥
CJK RADICAL PAW TWO
← ⺤
[U+2EA4] 		CJK Radicals Supplement ⺦ →
[U+2EA6]

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

  • 爫 – when used as a top radical

Han character

爪 (Kangxi radical 87, 爪+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹中人 (HLO), four-corner 72230, composition ⿸𠂆⿰丨乀)

  1. Kangxi radical #87, ⽖.

Derived terms

  • Appendix:Chinese radical/爪
  • 𫩜, 𢁬, 抓, 沠, 𤜶, 枛, 𤣺, 𥄄, 𮄨, 𧘷, 䖣, 𧠘, 𧦐, 䝖, 𬦦, 𮠜, 釽(𬬲), 𤔗, 𩨢, 𪗢
  • 𦧍, 𧠙, 坕, 𦥝, 𫵕, 𦬔, 𢦞, 𪽫, 𮃹, 𤰰, 笊, 𮍕, 𢦼, 𤰲, 𩬐

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 688, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19653
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1101, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2030, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+722A

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 爪
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
抓 *ʔsruː, *ʔsruːʔ, *ʔsruːs
爪 *ʔsruːʔ
笊 *ʔsruːʔ, *ʔsruːs
找 *ʔsruːʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a hand grabbing from above (in earlier forms from side); compare 手, 寸, 九. Even if it can indicate a claw, actually the pictogram depicts a human hand.

Etymology 1

trad. 爪
simp. # 爪
alternative forms 㕚 ancient

Pronunciation

Note:
  • zhuǎ - “claw; claw-like object”.
Note:
  • liáu/niáu/jiáu - vernacular (“claw; nail; ”);
  • chiáu - vernacular;
  • cháu - literary.
Note:
  • riao2 - Shantou;
  • riou2 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
    • (Northern: Shanghai)
      • Wugniu: 5tsau
      • MiniDict: tsau去
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 2tsau
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɔ³⁴/
    • (Northern: Suzhou)
      • Wugniu: 3tsau
      • MiniDict: tsau上
      • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sæ⁵¹/
Rime
Character 爪
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 莊 (18)
Final (韻) 肴 (90)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 側絞切
Baxter tsraewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ʃˠauX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈ͡ʂᵚauX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ʃauX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈ͡ʂaɨwX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ʃauX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ʃauX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʈ͡ʂauX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zaau2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 爪
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhǎo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsræwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts]ˁ<r>uʔ/
English claw

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 爪
Reading # 1/1
No. 17658
Phonetic
component
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsruːʔ/

Definitions

爪

  1. claw (of animal, bird); talon; paw; nail
  2. (Hakka) to grab with claws
  3. claw-like object; foot (of an item)
  4. (derogatory or humorous) hand (of a person)
  5. (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) nail (of a person)
  6. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) bamboo rake or harrow
  7. a surname
Usage notes
  • 爪 (zhuǎ) ― paws or claws of vertebrates, except for humans, bears, ducks, geese and swans
  • 鉗／钳 (qián) ― claws of arthropods (crabs, clawed lobsters, scorpions, etc.)
  • 掌 (zhǎng) ― hands, paws or claws of humans (only in compounds), bears, ducks, geese or swans
  • 手 (shǒu) ― hands or hooves of humans or swine (only for culinary swine hooves)
  • 蹄 (tí) ― hooves
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 爪子 (“claw; paw”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 爪
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 爪子
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 爪子, 爪兒
Taiwan 爪子
Harbin 爪子
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 爪子
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 爪子
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 爪兒
Wanrong 爪子
Xi'an 爪子, 爪爪兒
Xining 爪子
Xuzhou 爪子
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 爪子
Ürümqi 爪爪子, 爪子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 爪爪, 爪子
Wuhan 爪子
Guiyang 爪爪
Liuzhou 爪
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 爪子
Yangzhou 爪子
Nantong 爪子
Hefei 爪子
Cantonese Guangzhou 爪
Hong Kong 爪
Yangjiang 爪, 腳爪
Gan Nanchang 爪子
Lichuan 爪
Pingxiang 腳爪
Hakka Meixian 腳爪, 爪
Yudu 腳爪
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 爪
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 爪
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 爪
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 爪
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 爪
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 爪
Huizhou Jixi 腳爪
Jin Taiyuan 爪爪, 爪子
Xinzhou 爪子
Northern Min Jian'ou 跤爪, 爪
Eastern Min Fuzhou 跤爪
Southern Min Xiamen 跤爪, 爪, 爪仔
Quanzhou 跤爪, 爪
Jinjiang 跤爪
Zhangzhou 跤爪, 爪
Chaozhou 爪
Shantou 爪
Leizhou 跤爪
Haikou 跤爪
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 撓, 爪
Wu Shanghai 腳爪
Shanghai (Chongming) 腳爪
Suzhou 腳爪
Danyang 腳爪
Hangzhou 腳爪兒
Ningbo 腳爪
Wenzhou 腳爪, 爪
Jinhua 腳鈀
Xiang Changsha 爪子, 腳爪子
Loudi 腳爪爪
Shuangfeng 爪子

Compounds

  • 一鱗一爪 / 一鳞一爪
  • 一鱗半爪 / 一鳞半爪 (yīlínbànzhǎo)
  • 八爪魚 / 八爪鱼 (bāzhuǎyú)
  • 冰爪
  • 展爪
  • 張牙舞爪 / 张牙舞爪 (zhāngyáwǔzhǎo)
  • 心膂爪牙
  • 手爪 (shǒuzhuǎ)
  • 探爪兒 / 探爪儿
  • 握拳透爪
  • 東鱗西爪 / 东鳞西爪 (dōnglínxīzhuǎ)
  • 熊爪
  • 熱爪哇 / 热爪哇 (rèzhǎowā)
  • 爪兒 / 爪儿
  • 爪印
  • 爪哇 (Zhǎowā)
  • 爪哇人 (Zhǎowārén)
  • 爪哇國 / 爪哇国 (Zhǎowāguó)
  • 爪哇島 / 爪哇岛
  • 爪哇族
  • 爪塔
  • 爪士
  • 爪子 (zhǎozi)
  • 爪字頭 / 爪字头 (zhǎozìtóu)
  • 爪尋 / 爪寻
  • 爪尖兒 / 爪尖儿
  • 爪枯
  • 爪牙 (zhǎoyá)
  • 爪牙之士
  • 爪牙之將 / 爪牙之将
  • 爪牙吏
  • 爪牙官
  • 爪甲
  • 爪甲點金 / 爪甲点金
  • 爪痕
  • 爪老
  • 爪袖
  • 爪角
  • 爪蹄類 / 爪蹄类
  • 爪章
  • 片鱗半爪 / 片鳞半爪
  • 牙爪
  • 犬牙鷹爪 / 犬牙鹰爪
  • 狗爪子
  • 祿山之爪 / 禄山之爪
  • 繫爪 / 系爪
  • 能牙利爪 (néngyálìzhǎo)
  • 舞爪張牙 / 舞爪张牙
  • 虎爪拳
  • 虎爪豆
  • 通眉長爪 / 通眉长爪
  • 鉤爪 / 钩爪
  • 鉤爪鋸牙 / 钩爪锯牙
  • 鋸牙鉤爪 / 锯牙钩爪
  • 雞爪 / 鸡爪
  • 雞爪釘 / 鸡爪钉
  • 雪泥鴻爪 / 雪泥鸿爪
  • 飛爪 / 飞爪
  • 飛鴻雪爪 / 飞鸿雪爪
  • 魔爪 (mózhǎo)
  • 鱗爪 / 鳞爪 (línzhǎo)
  • 鱉爪 / 鳖爪
  • 鳥爪 / 鸟爪
  • 鳳爪 / 凤爪 (fèngzhǎo)
  • 鴻爪 / 鸿爪
  • 鵰心雁爪 / 雕心雁爪
  • 鷹爪 / 鹰爪
  • 鷹爪功 / 鹰爪功
  • 鷹爪毛兒 / 鹰爪毛儿
  • 龍爪 / 龙爪
  • 龍爪書 / 龙爪书
  • 龍爪槐 / 龙爪槐

Etymology 2

trad. 爪
simp. # 爪
alternative forms 抓

Pronunciation

Definitions

爪

  1. (Southern Min) to claw; to scratch (with one's claw or nail)
  2. (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) Classifier for claw or scratch mark.

Compounds

References

  • “爪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “爪（～牙、～子）”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 177.

Japanese

Kanji

爪

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. nail, claw

Readings

  • Go-on: しょう (shō)←せう (seu, historical)
  • Kan-on: そう (sō)←さう (sau, historical)
  • Kun: つめ (tsume, 爪, Jōyō)、つま (tsuma, 爪, Jōyō †)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
爪
つめ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese,[1] in turn from Proto-Japonic *tumay. The standalone form of tsuma below.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

爪(つめ) • (tsume) 

  1. nail; claw
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
爪
つま
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. The root form of tsume above, generally only used in compounds. Cognate with 端 (tsuma, “edge, side of something”) and 妻 (tsuma, “wife”, original sense of “spouse”).[1]

Affix

爪(つま) • (tsuma) 

  1. (only in compounds) nail; claw
Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Khitan

Etymology

Distantly related with Proto-Mongolic *ǰaxun (“hundred”), whence Classical Mongolian ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ (ǰaɣun) (> Mongolian зуу (zuu) and Daur jau).

Numeral

爪 (jau)

  1. hundred (100)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 爪 (MC tsraewX). Recorded as Middle Korean 조〮 (cwó) (Yale: cwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

爪 (eumhun 손톱 조 (sontop jo))

  1. hanja form? of 조 (“nail; claw”)

Compounds

  • 가조 (假爪, gajo)
  • 유조동물 (有爪動物, yujodongmul)
  • 유조류 (有爪類, yujoryu)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

爪: Hán Nôm readings: trảo, trẩu, vuốt, trảu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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