知己

Chinese

		to know; to be aware	6th heavenly stem; self
simp. and trad. (知己)		知	己

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhījǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄐㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹ gei²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): tî-kí

(Hailu, HRS): di^ˋ gi^ˊ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ti-kí

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhījǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄐㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhihjǐ
  - Wade–Giles: chih¹-chi³
  - Yale: jr̄-jǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyjii
  - Palladius: чжицзи (čžiczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi¹ gei²
  - Yale: jī géi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹ gei²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji¹ géi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ kei̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tî-kí
  - Hakka Romanization System: di^ˊ gi^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: di¹ gi³
  - Sinological IPA: /ti²⁴ ki³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: di^ˋ gi^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /ti⁵³ ki²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti-kí
  - Tâi-lô: ti-kí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: di'kie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ti⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ti³³ ki⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ti⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: trje kiX

Rime
Character	知	己
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	支 (11)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	陟移切	居里切
Baxter	trje	kiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈiᴇ/	/kɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɛ/	/kɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶjɛ/	/kie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈiə̆/	/kɨ^X/
Li Rong	/ȶie/	/kiə^X/
Wang Li	/ȶǐe/	/kĭə^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶie̯/	/ki^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī	jǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi¹	gei²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tre k(r)əʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'e kɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	知	己
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhī	jǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ trje ›	‹ ki^X ›
Old Chinese	/*tre/	/*k(r)əʔ/
English	know	self
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	知	己
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11495	5765
Phonetic component	矢	己
Rime group	支	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'e/	/*kɯʔ/
Notes	沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲

Noun

知己

intimate friend; close friend
- 莫愁前路無知己，天下誰人不識君。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  莫愁前路无知己，天下谁人不识君。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 8th century, Gao Shi (高適), 別董大‧其一 "Farewell to Dong the Elder - I"
  Mò chóu qiánlù wú zhījǐ, tiānxià shéirén bù shí jūn. [Pinyin]
  Worry not that on the road ahead there'd be no close friend too! Under Heaven, who does not comprehend you?

Synonyms

友好 (yǒuhǎo)
同袍 (tóngpáo) (literary)
執友 / 执友 (zhíyǒu) (literary)
好友 (hǎoyǒu)
相知 (xiāngzhī)
知交 (zhījiāo)
知友 (zhīyǒu)
知心 (zhīxīn)
知心朋友 (zhīxīn péngyou)
知言 (zhīyán) (literary)
知遇 (zhīyù) (literary)
知音 (zhīyīn)
良朋 (liángpéng) (literary)
良知 (liángzhī)
高朋 (gāopéng) (literary)
齒輪 / 齿轮 (ci³ nen²) (Sichuanese)

Derived terms

叨在知己
天涯知己
紅粉知己 / 红粉知己
酒逢知己千杯少，話不投機半句多 / 酒逢知己千杯少，话不投机半句多 (jiǔ féng zhījǐ qiān bēi shào, huà bù tóujī bàn jù duō)
風塵知己 / 风尘知己

Verb

知己

(literary) to know oneself; to be intimate with oneself
(Zhangzhou Hokkien) to be aware of one's duty

Derived terms

士為知己者死 / 士为知己者死 (shì wèi zhījǐ zhě sǐ)
知己知彼 (zhījǐzhībǐ)
知己話 / 知己话
知彼知己 (zhībǐzhījǐ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (知己):

→ Japanese: 知己(ちき) (chiki)
→ Korean: 지기(知己) (jigi)
→ Vietnamese: tri kỉ (知己)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
知	己
ち Grade: 2	き Grade: 6
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ちき [chíꜜkì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
(Tokyo) ちき [chìkíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1] non-lexical pitch that some speakers employ to reconcile coinciding devoicing and accenting
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕi̥kʲi]

Noun

知(ち)己(き) • (chiki)

close friend

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
知	己

Noun

知己

chữ Hán form of tri kỉ (“bosom friend”)

Verb

知己

chữ Hán form of tri kỉ (“to confide, to open one's heart”)