笛
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Translingual
Han character
笛 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹中田 (HLW), four-corner 88603, composition ⿰𥫗由)
Derived characters
- 𬗺(𬙀), 𬧍, 𥶯, 𬕫
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 879, character 33
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25917
- Dae Jaweon: page 1307, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2955, character 1
- Unihan data for U+7B1B
Chinese
| trad. | 笛 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 笛 | |
| alternative forms | 篴 | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (由) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 袖 | *ljɯwɢs |
| 岫 | *ljɯwɢs |
| 牰 | *ljɯwɢs, *lɯwɢs |
| 抽 | *l̥ʰɯw |
| 妯 | *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ |
| 紬 | *l'ɯw |
| 怞 | *l'ɯw |
| 鮋 | *l'ɯw, *ɦljɯw, *lɯw |
| 菗 | *rlɯw |
| 宙 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 胄 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 冑 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 伷 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 駎 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 油 | *lɯw, *lɯwɢs |
| 由 | *lɯw |
| 蚰 | *lɯw |
| 秞 | *lɯw |
| 邮 | *lɯw |
| 釉 | *lɯwɢs |
| 柚 | *lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ |
| 鼬 | *lɯwɢs |
| 苖 | *l'ɯːwɢ, *l̥ʰɯwɢ |
| 笛 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 迪 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 頔 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 軸 | *l'ɯwɢ |
| 舳 | *l'ɯwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'ɯːwɢ): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).
Etymology
Cognate with 籥 (OC *lowɢ, “bamboo flute”) (Baxter, 1992).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): liah7 / tit7
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): dieh5
- Northern Min (KCR): dĭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): dĭk
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): deh7
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8diq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): di6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: dí
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dí
- Wade–Giles: ti2
- Yale: dí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dyi
- Palladius: ди (di)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: di2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: di
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti²¹/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dek6 / dek6-2
- Yale: dehk / dék
- Cantonese Pinyin: dek9 / dek9-2
- Guangdong Romanization: dég6 / dég6-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɛːk̚²/, /tɛːk̚²⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: iak5
- Sinological IPA (key): /iak̚³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
Note:
- liah7 - vernacular;
- tit7 - literary.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tha̍k / thi̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: tag / tid
- Hagfa Pinyim: tag6 / tid6
- Sinological IPA: /tʰak̚⁵/, /tʰit̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: tagˋ / tidˋ
- Sinological IPA: /tʰak²/, /tʰit²/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: tag6
- Sinological IPA: /tʰak̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
Note:
- tha̍k - vernacular;
- thi̍t - literary.
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta̍t
- Tâi-lô: ta̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: dat
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tat̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tat̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tat̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti̍h
- Tâi-lô: ti̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: dih
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiʔ¹²¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /tiʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tî
- Tâi-lô: tî
- Phofsit Daibuun: dii
- IPA (Taipei): /ti²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: te̍k
- Tâi-lô: ti̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: dek
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪk̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangpu): /tɛk̚¹⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Hui'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tia̍k
- Tâi-lô: tia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: diak
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚²⁴/
- IPA (Hui'an): /tiak̚²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- ta̍t, ti̍h - vernacular;
- te̍k/tia̍k - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dêg8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: te̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /tek̚⁴/
- (Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: dag8 / dig4
- Sinological IPA: /tak̚²/, /tik̚⁵/
Note:
- dag8 - vernacular;
- dig4 - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: dek
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤiwk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯːwɢ/
Definitions
笛
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 笛子 (“(Chinese) transverse flute”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 嗩吶 (“suona (musical instrument)”) [map]
Compounds
- 一笛
- 叉手笛
- 口笛 (kǒudí)
- 向笛
- 吹笛
- 品笛
- 品簫弄笛 / 品箫弄笛
- 土笛
- 寒笛
- 山陽笛 / 山阳笛
- 崑笛 / 昆笛 (kūndí)
- 怨笛
- 悶笛 / 闷笛 (mēndí)
- 悲鄰笛 / 悲邻笛
- 排笛 (páidí)
- 擫笛 / 𢬍笛
- 新笛 (xīndí)
- 曲笛 (qǔdí)
- 朗笛
- 村笛
- 柯亭笛
- 柳笛 (liǔdí)
- 柯笛
- 桓伊笛
- 桓郎笛
- 梆笛 (bāngdí)
- 梅花笛
- 棚車鼓笛 / 棚车鼓笛
- 樵笛
- 橫笛 / 横笛 (héngdí)
- 武溪笛
- 汽笛 (qìdí)
- 海笛 (hǎidí)
- 漁笛 / 渔笛
- 潘笛 (pāndí)
- 牛笛
- 牛背笛
- 牧神之笛
- 牧童笛 (mùtóngdí)
- 牧笛 (mùdí)
- 玉笛
- 直笛 (zhídí)
- 短笛 (duǎndí)
- 竹笛 (zhúdí)
- 笛仔
- 笛子 (dízi)
- 笛工
- 笛床
- 笛律
- 笛材
- 笛步
- 笛竹
- 笳笛
- 笛簟
- 笙簫管笛 / 笙箫管笛
- 笛聲 / 笛声
- 笛膜 (dímó)
- 笛韻 / 笛韵
- 篠笛 / 筱笛
- 簫笛 / 箫笛
- 羌笛 (qiāngdí)
- 義嘴笛 / 义嘴笛
- 義觜笛 / 义觜笛
- 聞笛 / 闻笛
- 胡笛
- 腰笛
- 草笛
- 蘆笛 / 芦笛
- 蘄笛 / 蕲笛
- 調笛 / 调笛
- 警笛 (jǐngdí)
- 豎笛 / 竖笛 (shùdí)
- 邀笛步
- 鄰人笛 / 邻人笛
- 鄰家吹笛 / 邻家吹笛
- 鄰家笛 / 邻家笛
- 鄰笛 / 邻笛
- 鄰舍笛 / 邻舍笛
- 鐵笛 / 铁笛
- 長笛 / 长笛 (chángdí)
- 長笛鄰家 / 长笛邻家
- 陶笛 (táodí)
- 隴笛 / 陇笛
- 雅笛
- 霜笛
- 風笛 / 风笛 (fēngdí)
- 骨笛 (gǔdí)
- 魔笛
- 魚笛 / 鱼笛
- 鳴笛 / 鸣笛 (míngdí)
- 鳳笛 / 凤笛
- 鶴骨笛 / 鹤骨笛
- 鷹笛 / 鹰笛 (yīngdí)
- 鼓笛
- 鼓笛曲
- 鼻笛
- 龍笛 / 龙笛
References
- “笛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “笛”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 275.
Japanese
Kanji
笛
Readings
- Go-on: じゃく (jaku)←ぢやく (dyaku, historical)
- Kan-on: てき (teki, Jōyō)
- Kan’yō-on: ちゃく (chaku)
- Kun: ふえ (fue, 笛, Jōyō)←ふえ (fue, 笛, historical)←ふ𛀁 (fuye, 笛, ancient)
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 笛 |
| ふえ Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 管 (rare) |
⟨puye⟩ → */puje/ → /ɸue/ → /fue/
From Old Japanese, first cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]
Likely related to the verb 吹く (fuku, “to blow”).
Pronunciation
Noun
笛 • (fue)
- [from 720] (music) a flute, whistle, pipe
- [from 934] (anatomy, rare) a windpipe
- [from early 1200s] (music) a side-blown flute, as opposed to end-blown instruments such as the 篳篥 (hichiriki)
- a whistle such as that used by a referee
- [from 1910] a train whistle
Derived terms
Idioms
- 笛吹けども踊らず (fue fukedomo odorazu)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 笛 |
| てき Grade: 3 |
| goon |
From Middle Chinese 笛 (MC dek). The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”), so likely a later borrowing.
First cited to a text from the 1400s.[1] This reading appears to have fallen out of use.
Pronunciation
Affix
笛 • (teki)
Derived terms
Noun
笛 • (teki)
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 笛 |
| ちゃく Grade: 3 |
| kan'yōon |
From a corruption of Middle Chinese 笛 (MC dek).
First cited to a text from 1241.[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
笛 • (chaku)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
笛 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek)
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Vietnamese
Han character
笛: Hán Nôm readings: địch, sáo
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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