芰

芰	U+82B0, 芰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82B0

← 芯
[U+82AF]

CJK Unified Ideographs

花 →
[U+82B1]

Translingual

Han character

芰 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿十水 (TJE), four-corner 4440₇, composition ⿱艹支)

water caltrop

Derived characters

䝸

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1020, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30733
Dae Jaweon: page 1478, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3178, character 8
Unihan data for U+82B0

Chinese

trad.		芰
simp. ^#		芰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 芰
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (支) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
支	*kje
枝	*kje
肢	*kje
汥	kje, ɡe, *ɡres
衼	*kje
馶	kje, qʰjes, kes, ɡe
鳷	*kje
忮	*kjes
伎	kjes, ɡe, *ɡreʔ
豉	*ɡjes
翅	*qʰjes
翄	qʰjes, ɡe
妓	kre, ɡreʔ
庋	kreʔ, kʷreʔ
跂	kʰeʔ, kʰes, *ɡe
蚑	kʰes, ɡe
吱	*kʰes
岐	*ɡe
歧	*ɡe
鬾	ɡre, ɡres
技	*ɡreʔ
芰	*ɡres
攱	kʷreʔ, kʷres
庪	*kʷreʔ
頍	*kʰʷeʔ
屐	*ɡreɡ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gei⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jì
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jì
  - Wade–Giles: chi⁴
  - Yale: jì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gei⁶
  - Yale: geih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gei⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: géi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯²²/

Middle Chinese: gjeH

Rime
Character	芰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	奇寄切
Baxter	gjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiᴇ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiɛ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiɛ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjiə̆^H/
Li Rong	/ɡje^H/
Wang Li	/ɡǐe^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gie̯^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]re-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡres/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	芰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ gje^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]re-s/
English	water-chestnut
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	芰
Reading #	1/1
No.	17232
Phonetic component	支
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ɡres/

Definitions

芰

(chiefly archaic) water chestnut (Trapa spp.)
Synonym: 菱 (líng)
- 屈到嗜芰，有疾，召其宗老而屬之，曰：「祭我必以芰。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  屈到嗜芰，有疾，召其宗老而属之，曰：「祭我必以芰。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE
  Qū Dào shì jì, yǒu jí, zhào qí zōnglǎo ér zhǔ zhī, yuē: “Jì wǒ bì yǐ jì.” [Pinyin]
  Qu Dao was fond of water chestnuts. When he succumbed to illness, he called for his vassal in charge of the ancestral rites, and requested the use of water chestnuts as the sacrificial offering to him after his death.

Compounds

芰荷

Japanese

Kanji

芰

(Hyōgai kanji)

water caltrop

Readings

Go-on: ぎ (gi)
Kan-on: き (ki)
Kun: ひし (hishi, 芰)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
芰
ひし Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Noun

芰(ひし) or 芰(ヒシ) • (hishi)

alternative spelling of 菱 (hishi): Trapa natans var. japonica, a species of water caltrop

Korean

Hanja

芰 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)

(마름): water caltrop, (also implausibly) water chestnut
- 1431: 鄕藥採取月令^[1] 十二月 (향약채취월령 십이월, hyang-yag-chaechwi-wolryeong sib-iwol):
  芰實鄕名末栗'"`UNIQ-ref00000016QINU`"' '"`UNIQ-ref00000017QINU`"' (기실향명말밤, gisilhyangmyeongmalbam, "The folk name of the water caltrop fruit is coarse chestnut.")
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Synonyms

末栗 (말밤, malbam)
菱
藻

References

^ This was authored by several scholars at the direction of King Sejong of Yi Dynasty, concerning the folk medical herb gathering by month.
^ Cited by: 南廣祐 (1997). 敎學古語辭典. 敎學社. p. 538.
^ "末栗" is a hanja rendering for 말밤(mal-bam), the origin of 마름(mareum, 菱) "water caltrop, water chestnut," literally, "coarse chestnut" such as "horse-chestnut".

[1] This was authored by several scholars at the direction of King Sejong of Yi Dynasty, concerning the folk medical herb gathering by month.

[2] Cited by: 南廣祐 (1997). 敎學古語辭典. 敎學社. p. 538.

[3] "末栗" is a hanja rendering for 말밤(mal-bam), the origin of 마름(mareum, 菱) "water caltrop, water chestnut," literally, "coarse chestnut" such as "horse-chestnut".

[1]