屈

屈 U+5C48, 屈
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C48
← 屇
[U+5C47] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 屉 →
[U+5C49]

Translingual

Han character

屈 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 尸山山 (SUU), four-corner 77272, composition ⿸尸出)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 301, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7669
  • Dae Jaweon: page 597, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 970, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+5C48

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 屈
alternative forms
𡲶
𡲬
𣮈
𡲒
𡕜
𡲶
𡲬
𣮈
𡲒
𡕜
𡲗
 

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 屈
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (出) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
聉 *r̥ʰuːlʔ, *ŋrɯd, *ʔr'uːd, *ŋruːd
贅 *kljods
祟 *sqʰluds
出 *kʰljuds, *kʰljud
茁 *ʔl'ɯd, *skruːd, *skrod, *skrud
欪 *qʰlɯd, *l̥ʰud
貀 *ŋr'uːd
袦 *ŋr'oːd
咄 *ʔl'oːd, *ʔl'uːd
柮 *sɡloːd, *ʔl'uːd
拙 *kljod
炪 *kljod, *l̥ʰud
掘 *ɡlod, *ɡlud
鈯 *l'uːd
啒 *kluːd, *qʰluːd
淈 *kluːd, *ɡluːd
窟 *kʰluːd
泏 *kʰluːd, *ʔl'ud
堀 *kʰluːd, *ɡlud
胐 *kʰluːd
窋 *ʔl'ud
絀 *ʔl'ud
黜 *l̥ʰud
屈 *klud, *kʰlud
趉 *klud
鶌 *klud
詘 *kʰlud
倔 *ɡlud
崛 *ɡlud, *ŋɡlud

Originally 𡲶. Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *klud, *kʰlud): phonetic 出 (OC *kʰljuds, *kʰljud) + semantic 尾 (“tail”). 尾 became 尸 in clerical script.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • “to bend; to restrict”.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: kug4 / kuh4 / kug8 / kuh8
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khuk / khuh / khu̍k / khu̍h
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuk̚²/, /kʰuʔ²/, /kʰuk̚⁴/, /kʰuʔ⁴/
Note:
  • kuh4 - dialectal ("to curl, to coil");
  • kug8 - dialectal ("short");
  • kuh8 - dialectal (in 屈屈 - tired, lethargic).
  • Wu
    • (Northern: Shanghai)
      • Wugniu: 7chioq; 7chiuq
      • MiniDict: chioh入; chiuih入
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 4qioq; 4qyq
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵⁵/
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 屈
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰy²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰy²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰy³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰyo³¹/
/t͡ɕʰy³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰiu²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiu³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰyʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
/t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰyeʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰy⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰyʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kʰiut̚¹/
Taoyuan /kʰut̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐt̚⁵/
Nanning /wɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /wɐt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰut̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰouʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰy²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰuk̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xut̚⁵/
Rime
Character 屈 屈
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 物 (60) 物 (60)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 九勿切 區勿切
Baxter kjut khjut
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨut̚/ /kʰɨut̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kiut̚/ /kʰiut̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiuət̚/ /kʰiuət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kut̚/ /kʰut̚/
Li
Rong 		/kiuət̚/ /kʰiuət̚/
Wang
Li 		/kĭuət̚/ /kʰĭuət̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ki̯uət̚/ /kʰi̯uət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ju qu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwat1 fat1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 屈 屈
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qū qū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khjut › ‹ khjut ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Nə-[kʰ]ut/ /*[kʰ]ut/
English bent bend, subdue

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 屈 屈
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 1579 1583
Phonetic
component 		出 出
Rime
group 		物 物
Rime
subdivision 		2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		𠀔
Old
Chinese 		/*klud/ /*kʰlud/

Definitions

屈

  1. to bend; to flex
  2. bent; crooked
  3. to condescend
  4. to submit; to yield
  5. to subdue; to cause to submit
  6. to treat unjustly; to wrong
  7. to be in the wrong
  8. (Cantonese) to frame; to accuse
    你唔好屈得就屈喎！ [Cantonese, trad.]
    你唔好屈得就屈㖞！ [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 m4 hou2 wat1 dak1 zau6 wat1 wo3! [Jyutping]
    Don't frame [me] just because you can!
  9. (Hong Kong Cantonese) short for 屈機／屈机
  10. (Mainland China Hokkien) to restrict; to restrain; to constrain
  11. a surname
    屈原  ―  Qū Yuán  ―  Qu Yuan (Chinese politician and poet of the state of Chu during the last years of the Warring States period)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

屈

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) short
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to use up; to exhaust
  3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 倔 (“stubborn; obstinate”)
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 崛 (jué, “exotic”)
  5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 崛 (jué, “to rise abruptly”)

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

屈

  1. only used in 屈狄 (quèdí, “a kind of noblewomen's clothing in ancient China”)

Japanese

Kanji

屈

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. to bend
  2. to submit, to yield

Readings

  • Go-on: くち (kuchi)、ごち (gochi)
  • Kan-on: くつ (kutsu, Jōyō)
  • Kun: かがむ (kagamu, 屈む)、かがまる (kagamaru, 屈まる)、かがめる (kagameru, 屈める)

Korean

Hanja

屈 (eumhun 굽을 굴 (gubeul gul))

  1. hanja form? of 굴 (“bend, flex”)
  2. hanja form? of 굴 (“bent, crooked”)
  3. hanja form? of 굴 (“crouch”)

Vietnamese

Han character

屈: Hán Nôm readings: khuất, quất

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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