西域

Chinese

		west	region
simp. and trad. (西域)		西	域

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Xīyù

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sai¹ wik⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Sî-vet

(Hailu, HRS): si^ˋ ved
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): se¹ yh⁷
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Se-he̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Xīyù
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Siyù
  - Wade–Giles: Hsi¹-yü⁴
  - Yale: Syī-yù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shiyuh
  - Palladius: Сиюй (Sijuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵ y⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sai¹ wik⁶
  - Yale: sāi wihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sai¹ wik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sei¹ wig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐi̯⁵⁵ wɪk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sî-vet
  - Hakka Romanization System: xi^ˊ ved^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xi¹ ved⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /si²⁴ vet̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: si^ˋ ved
  - Sinological IPA: /si⁵³ vet⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: si^ˋ ved
  - Sinological IPA: /si⁵³ vet⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: se¹ yh⁷ [Phonetic: se⁵ yh⁷]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Sa̤-ṳ̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬe⁵³³⁻¹¹ yʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: se¹ yh⁷ [Phonetic: se⁵ yh⁷]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ yʔ⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Se-he̍k
  - Tâi-lô: Se-hi̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: se'hek
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /se⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪk̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: sej hwik

Rime
Character	西	域
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	職 (135)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	先稽切	雨逼切
Baxter	sej	hwik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sei/	/ɦwɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/sei/	/ɦʷɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sɛi/	/ɣiuek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɛj/	/ɦwik̚/
Li Rong	/sei/	/ɣiuək̚/
Wang Li	/siei/	/ɣĭwək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/siei/	/i̯wək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xī	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sai¹	wik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-nˤər [ɢ]ʷrək/

(Zhengzhang): /*sɯːl ɢʷrɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	西	域
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xī	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ sej ›	‹ hwik ›
Old Chinese	/*s-nˁər/	/*[ɢ]ʷrək/
English	west	territory
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	西	域
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13236	5554
Phonetic component	西	或
Rime group	微	職
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	西	域
Old Chinese	/*sɯːl/	/*ɢʷrɯɡ/

Proper noun

西域

(historical) Western Regions (historical region west of the Jade Gate along the Silk Road)
- 前君為先帝畫匈奴之策：「兵據西域，奪之便勢之地，以候其變。以漢之強，攻於匈奴之眾，若以強弩潰癰疽。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  前君为先帝画匈奴之策：「兵据西域，夺之便势之地，以候其变。以汉之强，攻于匈奴之众，若以强弩溃痈疽。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Huan Kuan, Discourses on Salt and Iron, c. 1^st century BCE
  Qián jūn wèi xiāndì huà Xiōngnú zhī cè: “Bīng jù Xīyù, duó zhī biànshì zhī dì, yǐ hòu qí biàn. Yǐ Hàn zhī qiáng, gōng yú Xiōngnú zhī zhòng, ruò yǐ qiángnǔ kuì yōngjū.” [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

大唐西域記 / 大唐西域记
西域曆 / 西域历 (Xīyùlì)
西域記 / 西域记

Descendants

→ English: Western Regions (calque)

Japanese

Pronunciation 1

Kanji in this term
西	域
せい Grade: 2	いき Grade: 6
kan'on	goon

(Tokyo) せーいき [sèéíkí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [se̞iːkʲi]

Proper noun

西(せい)域(いき) • (Seiiki) ^{←せいゐき (Seiwiki)^?}

(historical) Western Regions

Derived terms

西(せい)域(いき)水(すい)道(どう)記(き) (Seiiki Suidōki)
西(さい)域(いき)画(が) (saiikiga)
西(せい)域(いき)都(と)護(ご)府(ふ) (Seiiki Togofu)

Pronunciation 2

Kanji in this term
西	域
さい Grade: 2	いき Grade: 6
goon

(Tokyo) さいいき [sàííkí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
(Tokyo) さいいき [sáꜜììkì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[4]
IPA^(key): [sa̠iːkʲi]

Proper noun

西(さい)域(いき) • (Saiiki) ^{←さいゐき (Saiwiki)^?}

(historical) Western Regions

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 “西域”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

Korean

Hanja in this term
西	域

Proper noun

西域 • (Seoyeok) (hangeul 서역)

hanja form^? of 서역 (“Western Regions”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
西	域

Proper noun

西域

chữ Hán form of Tây Vực (“Western Regions”)