逼

逼	U+903C, 逼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-903C

← 逻
[U+903B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

逽 →
[U+903D]

Translingual

Han character

逼 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜一口田 (YMRW), four-corner 3130₆, composition ⿺辶畐)

Derived characters

𮕂

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1260, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38973
Dae Jaweon: page 1750, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3856, character 8
Unihan data for U+903C

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 逼
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (畐) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
富	*pɯɡs
輻	pɯɡs, pɯɡ
副	pʰɯɡs, pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ
褔	*pʰɯɡs
蔔	*bɯːɡ
匐	bɯːɡ, bɯɡ
逼	*prɯɡ
偪	prɯɡ, pɯɡ
幅	prɯɡ, pɯɡ
楅	prɯɡ, pɯɡ
湢	*prɯɡ
堛	*pʰrɯɡ
愊	*pʰrɯɡ
踾	pʰrɯɡ, brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
揊	*pʰrɯɡ
稫	*pʰrɯɡ
畐	pʰrɯɡ, bɯɡ
疈	*pʰrɯɡ
腷	*brɯɡ
鶝	brɯɡ, pɯɡ
福	*pɯɡ
蝠	*pɯɡ
葍	*pɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *prɯɡ): semantic 辶 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ).

Etymology 1

trad.		逼
simp. ^#		逼
alternative forms		畐 original 偪

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): bī, bì (bi¹, bi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧ, ㄅㄧˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bie¹ / bi² / bi¹

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): би (bi, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bik¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): bet²
Gan (Wiktionary): bit⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pit / pet

(Meixian, Guangdong): bid⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): bieh⁴
Northern Min (KCR): bĭ
Eastern Min (BUC): bék
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pek / piak

(Teochew, Peng'im): bêg⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷piq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bi⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bī
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bi
  - Wade–Giles: pi¹
  - Yale: bī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bi
  - Palladius: би (bi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bì
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bì
  - Wade–Giles: pi⁴
  - Yale: bì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
  - Palladius: би (bi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: bie¹ / bi² / bi¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bie / bi / bi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piɛ⁵⁵/, /pi²¹/, /pi⁵⁵/

Note:

bie1 - vernacular;
bi2, bi1 - literary.

(Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: би (bi, I)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²⁴/
(Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: bik¹
  - Yale: bīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: big¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɪk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: bet²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pet̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: bit⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pit̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pit / pet
  - Hakka Romanization System: bid^ˋ / bed^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bid⁵ / bed⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pit̚²/, /pet̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: bid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pit̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: bieh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /piəʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛiʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek
  - Tâi-lô: pik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /piɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piak
  - Tâi-lô: piak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piag
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /piak̚⁵/

Note:

“to compel; to press for”.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: bêg⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pek
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pek̚²/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷piq
  - MiniDict: pih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴piq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /piɪʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: bi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 逼
Mandarin	Beijing	/pi⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/pi²⁴/
	Tianjin	/pi²¹/
	Jinan	/pi⁴²/
	Qingdao	/pi⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/pi⁴²/
	Xi'an	/pi²¹/
	Xining	/pji⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/pi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/pi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/pi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/pi²¹³/
	Chengdu	/pi³¹/ /pi⁵⁵/ /pie⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/pi²¹/
	Kunming	/pi³¹/
	Nanjing	/piʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/piəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/piəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/piʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/piəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/piɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/piəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/piəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/pi²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/piʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/pi⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/pi²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/pi³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/piʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/pit̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/pet̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pek̚⁵/
	Nanning	/pek̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/pik̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/pik̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/pɛiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/pi²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/pek̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔbek̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: pik

Rime
Character	逼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	彼側切
Baxter	pik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/piek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pik̚/
Li Rong	/piək̚/
Wang Li	/pĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*prək/

(Zhengzhang): /*prɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	逼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bī
Middle Chinese	‹ pik ›
Old Chinese	/*prək/
English	urge, press
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	逼
Reading #	1/1
No.	3378
Phonetic component	畐
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*prɯɡ/

Definitions

逼

to compel; to pressure; to force
被逼瘋／被逼疯 ― bèi bī fēng ― to be driven mad

我媽逼我學鋼琴。 [MSC, trad.]
我妈逼我学钢琴。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ mā bī wǒ xué gāngqín. [Pinyin]
My mom forced me to learn the piano.
to press for; to extort
逼供 ― bīgōng ― to force a confession
to approach; to press on
(literary) narrow
(Cantonese) alternative form of 迫 (“crowded; packed”)

Synonyms

(to compel):

edit

劫 (jié) (literary, or in compounds)
勒
勒逼 (lèbī)
強制 / 强制 (qiángzhì)
強迫 / 强迫
強逼 / 强逼 (qiǎngbī)
押 (Hokkien, Teochew)
緊逼 / 紧逼 (jǐnbī)
脅迫 / 胁迫 (xiépò)
迫
迫使 (pòshǐ)
逼迫 (bīpò)

Compounds

估逼
侵逼
俯逼
催逼 (cuībī)
僭逼
儉逼 / 俭逼
內逼 / 内逼
凌逼 (língbī)
劘逼
勒逼 (lèbī)
危逼
咄咄逼人 (duōduōbīrén)
困逼
威逼 (wēibī)
威逼利誘 / 威逼利诱 (wēibīlìyòu)
官逼民反 (guānbīmínfǎn)
寇逼
寒氣逼人 / 寒气逼人
富貴逼人 / 富贵逼人
峻逼
峭逼
強逼 / 强逼 (qiǎngbī)
忙逼
恐逼
悶逼 / 闷逼
憶逼 / 忆逼
打得逼直
抑逼
拘逼
拶逼
掗賒逼討 / 挜赊逼讨
摧逼
擁逼 / 拥逼
擾逼 / 扰逼
敦逼
東敲西逼 / 东敲西逼
森逼
殘逼 / 残逼
洊逼
淩逼 / 凌逼 (língbī)
煎逼
狎逼
猜逼
環逼 / 环逼
畏逼
相逼 (xiāngbī)
窄逼
窘逼
窮逼 / 穷逼 (qióngbī)
窺逼 / 窥逼
立逼
精彩逼人
肏逼 (càobī)
脅逼 / 胁逼
臨逼 / 临逼
英氣逼人 / 英气逼人
苦苦相逼
著著進逼 / 著著进逼
褊逼
詐逼 / 诈逼
誘逼 / 诱逼
豆逼
趲逼 / 趱逼
迫逼
迸逼
追逼
進逼 / 进逼 (jìnbī)
逼上
逼下
逼上梁山 (bīshàngliángshān)
逼不得已
逼主
逼人 (bīrén)
逼人太甚
逼仄 (bīzè)
逼令
逼佔 / 逼占
逼似
逼供 (bīgòng)
逼使
逼併 / 逼并
逼供信 (bīgōngxìn)
逼促
逼側 / 逼侧
逼債 / 逼债 (bīzhài)
逼僦
逼冷
逼凌
逼切
逼制
逼削
逼勒 (bīlè)
逼勸 / 逼劝
逼匝
逼危
逼厄
逼取
逼古
逼同
逼命 (bīmìng)
逼和 (bīhé)
逼問 / 逼问 (bīwèn)
逼喻
逼嚇 / 逼吓
逼塗 / 逼涂
逼塞
逼壓 / 逼压
逼壤
逼夜
逼天
逼夾 / 逼夹
逼奪 / 逼夺
逼威
逼姦 / 逼奸
逼婚 (bīhūn)
逼嫁
逼宫 (bīgōng)
逼害
逼宮 / 逼宫 (bīgōng)
逼射
逼尖
逼屬 / 逼属
逼帳 / 逼帐
逼年
逼幸
逼廢 / 逼废
逼強 / 逼强
逼從 / 逼从
逼急
逼悶 / 逼闷
逼惱 / 逼恼
逼憚 / 逼惮
逼懼 / 逼惧
逼截
逼戰 / 逼战
逼手逼腳 / 逼手逼脚
逼打
逼扣
逼抑
逼拶
逼拷
逼捐
逼掠
逼接
逼掯
逼損 / 逼损
逼撥 / 逼拨
逼撲 / 逼扑
逼據 / 逼据
逼擾 / 逼扰
逼攝 / 逼摄
逼攻
逼斥
逼新
逼晚
逼暮
逼曙
逼束
逼歲 / 逼岁
逼死 (bīsǐ)
逼殺 / 逼杀 (bīshā)
逼民為盜 / 逼民为盗
逼氣 / 逼气
逼水
逼污
逼汗草
逼法
逼清
逼淫 (bīyín)
逼湊 / 逼凑
逼漢 / 逼汉
逼火
逼照
逼熟
逼爍 / 逼烁
逼爾 / 逼尔
逼狹 / 逼狭 (bīxiá)
逼畏
逼略
逼疾
逼疽疽
逼目
逼直
逼真 (bīzhēn)
逼眼
逼碼 / 逼码
逼視 / 逼视 (bīshì)
逼禪 / 逼禅
逼租
逼突
逼窄 (bīzhǎi)
逼立
逼笮
逼簇
逼紅 / 逼红
逼索
逼納 / 逼纳
逼綽 / 逼绰
逼緊 / 逼紧
逼綽刀子 / 逼绰刀子
逼綽子 / 逼绰子
逼耳
逼聚
逼聳 / 逼耸
逼肖 (bīxiào)
逼脅 / 逼胁
逼臨 / 逼临
逼良為娼 / 逼良为娼 (bīliángwéichāng)
逼處 / 逼处
逼裂
逼討 / 逼讨
逼詰 / 逼诘
逼誘 / 逼诱
逼認 / 逼认
逼豎 / 逼竖
逼責 / 逼责
逼越
逼趁
逼趕 / 逼赶
逼蹙
逼蹴
逼身
逼輸 / 逼输
逼辱
逼近 (bījìn)
逼迫 (bīpò)
逼迸
逼逐
逼進 / 逼进
逼逼 (bībi)
逼遏
逼遒
逼逼剝剝 / 逼逼剥剥
逼遣
逼邇 / 逼迩
逼邏 / 逼逻
逼邪
逼鄰 / 逼邻
逼酒
逼醮
逼阽
逼附
逼降
逼限
逼除
逼陡
逼隘
逼雲 / 逼云
逼霄
逼霓
逼面
逼駁 / 逼驳
逼骨
逼齒 / 逼齿
逼齰 / 逼𫜬
遷逼 / 迁逼
邏逼 / 逻逼
鋒芒逼人 / 锋芒逼人
陵逼
隈逼
險逼 / 险逼
駢逼 / 骈逼
驅逼 / 驱逼
驚逼 / 惊逼

Etymology 2

trad.		逼
simp. ^#		逼
alternative forms		別／别愊

Probably from 別／别 (piat).

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pek / piat / piak

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek
  - Tâi-lô: pik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peg
  - IPA (Lukang): /piɪk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /piɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Tainan, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piat
  - Tâi-lô: piat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piad
  - IPA (Tainan, Kinmen): /piɛt̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piak
  - Tâi-lô: piak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piag
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /piak̚³²/

Definitions

逼

(Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to interpret (one's fortune, etc.)

Compounds

逼籤詩 / 逼签诗

Etymology 3

trad.		逼
simp. ^#		逼

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bī (bi¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bī
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bi
  - Wade–Giles: pi¹
  - Yale: bī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bi
  - Palladius: би (bi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵⁵/

Definitions

逼

(Mandarin) euphemistic form of 屄 (bī)

Etymology 4

trad.		逼
simp. ^#		逼

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): piak / pek

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piak
  - Tâi-lô: piak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piag
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /piak̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /piak̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek
  - Tâi-lô: pik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peg
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪk̚³²/

Definitions

逼

(Hokkien) alternative form of 煏

References

“逼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

逼

(Hyōgai kanji)

to approach
Synonym: 迫
to compel; to force

Readings

Go-on: ひき (hiki)^{←ひき (fiki, historical)}
Kan-on: ひょく (hyoku)^{←ひよく (fyoku, historical)}
Kan’yō-on: ひつ (hitsu)^{←ひつ (fitu, historical)}
Kun: せまる (semaru, 逼る)

Compounds

逼(ひっ)近(きん) (hikkin)
逼(ひっ)塞(そく) (hissoku)
逼(ひつ)奪(だつ) (hitsudatsu)
逼(ひっ)迫(ぱく) (hippaku)
逼(ひょく)奪(だつ) (hyokudatsu)
逼(ひょく)迫(はく) (hyokuhaku)
脅(きょう)逼(ひょく) (kyōhyoku)

Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading.

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean 핍 (phip)^訓 (Yale: phip) in Gwangju Cheonjamun (光州千字文 / 광주천자문), 1575.
Recorded as Middle Korean 핍 (phip)^訓 (Yale: phip) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

The original reading is 벽 (byeok) based on Middle Chinese 逼 (MC pik).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean 벽〮 (Yale: pyék) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 벽 (pyek)^訓 (Yale: pyek) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pʰip̚]
Phonetic hangul: [핍]

Hanja

Wikisource

逼 (eumhun 핍박할 핍 (pipbakhal pip))

hanja form^? of 핍 (“to force; to compel”)

Compounds

핍근 (逼近, pipgeun)
핍박 (逼迫, pipbak)
핍탈 (逼奪, piptal)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

逼: Hán Nôm readings: bức, bực

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