策
See also: 筞
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Translingual
Han character
策 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹木月 (HDB), four-corner 88902, composition ⿱𥫗朿)
Derived characters
Related characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 883, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26009
- Dae Jaweon: page 1312, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2963, character 9
- Unihan data for U+7B56
Chinese
| trad. | 策 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 策 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (朿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 債 | *ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ |
| 積 | *ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ |
| 刺 | *sʰeɡs, *sʰeɡ |
| 莿 | *sʰeːɡs, *raːds |
| 㓨 | *sʰeɡs |
| 朿 | *sʰeɡs |
| 漬 | *zeɡs |
| 耫 | *zraːd, *zreːɡ |
| 嘖 | *ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ |
| 梀 | *sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ |
| 捒 | *sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs |
| 幘 | *ʔsreːɡ |
| 簀 | *ʔsreːɡ |
| 嫧 | *ʔsreːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ |
| 謮 | *ʔsreːɡ |
| 責 | *ʔsreːɡ |
| 皟 | *sʰreːɡ |
| 憡 | *sʰreːɡ |
| 策 | *sʰreːɡ |
| 筴 | *sʰreːɡ, *kreːb, *keːb |
| 拺 | *sʰreːɡ, *sreːɡ |
| 賾 | *zreːɡ |
| 鰿 | *zreːɡ, *ʔseɡ |
| 擌 | *sreːɡ |
| 蹟 | *ʔseɡ |
| 襀 | *ʔseɡ |
| 磧 | *sʰeɡ |
| 洓 | *sʰeɡ |
| 績 | *ʔseːɡ |
| 勣 | *ʔseːɡ |
| 樍 | *ʔseːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰreːɡ): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 朿 (OC *sʰeɡs).
- "to whip"
- Originally 敇.
Etymology
Etymologically the same word as 冊 (OC *sʰreːɡ), with an original meaning of "bamboo slips" (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): cet6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): cah4
- Northern Min (KCR): chă̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): cháik / cháh
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ceh6
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7tshaq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ce6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: cè
- Zhuyin: ㄘㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cè
- Wade–Giles: tsʻê4
- Yale: tsè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tseh
- Palladius: цэ (cɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ce2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ce
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caak3
- Yale: chaak
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaak8
- Guangdong Romanization: cag3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːk̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: cak2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰak̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhet
- Hakka Romanization System: cedˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ced5
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰet̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ced
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰet⁵/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: cêd5
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɛt̚¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chă̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛ²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
Note:
- cháik - literary;
- cháh - vernacular.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ceh6
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cheh
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ceh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛʔ²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Nan'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
- Tâi-lô: tshik
- Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
- IPA (Nan'an): /t͡sʰiɪk̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
- Tâi-lô: tshiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Nan'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chherk
- Tâi-lô: tsherk
- IPA (Nan'an): /t͡sʰək̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: cêh4 / ciah4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsheh / tshiah
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰeʔ²/, /t͡sʰiaʔ²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Nan'an)
- Wu
- Xiang
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: tsrheak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ](ˤ)rek/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰreːɡ/
Definitions
策
- plan; scheme; strategy
- (literary) to plan; to scheme
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to calculate; to estimate
- (historical) bamboo or wooden strips used for writing on in ancient China
- (historical) a kind of emperor's edict
- (historical) a type of essay in ancient China, used in imperial examinations where questions on political or economic affairs were set
- (historical) a kind of computing tool in ancient China, on which the multiplication table was written for multiplication, division or extracting the square root during the Qing dynasty
- (historical) spur
- (alt. form 敇) (literary) to spur; to whip; to urge with a horsewhip
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to drive; to urge
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) number; value
- (literary) cane; walking stick
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to lean on; to rest on support
- (calligraphy) upward horizontal stroke (the fifth of the Eight Principles of Yong)
- (Mainland China Hokkien) to confer; to consult; to coordinate; to discuss
- 策價錢/策价钱 [Hokkien] ― chhek kè-chîⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to discuss the price
- (Chinese astronomy) Gamma Cassiopeiae
- a surname
Compounds
- 上策 (shàngcè)
- 下策 (xiàcè)
- 中策 (zhōngcè)
- 乘堅策肥 / 乘坚策肥
- 人口政策
- 先策
- 公共政策 (gōnggòng zhèngcè)
- 典策
- 冒進政策 / 冒进政策
- 出此下策
- 出謀劃策 / 出谋划策 (chūmóuhuàcè)
- 出謀獻策 / 出谋献策
- 利率政策
- 制策
- 劃策 / 划策
- 勞工政策 / 劳工政策
- 南進政策 / 南进政策 (nánjìn zhèngcè)
- 和解政策
- 國策 / 国策 (guócè)
- 國策顧問 / 国策顾问
- 基本國策 / 基本国策
- 大陸政策 / 大陆政策 (Dàlù Zhèngcè)
- 失策 (shīcè)
- 奇策
- 奇謀異策 / 奇谋异策
- 妙策 (miàocè)
- 姑息政策
- 孫策 / 孙策
- 定策
- 射策
- 對空策 / 对空策
- 對策 / 对策 (duìcè)
- 工業政策 / 工业政策
- 愚民政策 (yúmín zhèngcè)
- 戰國策 / 战国策 (Zhànguócè)
- 手策 (shǒucè)
- 扶策
- 投策
- 挑包策馬 / 挑包策马
- 振策
- 排外政策
- 搏手無策 / 搏手无策
- 政策 (zhèngcè)
- 政策分析
- 政策執行 / 政策执行
- 教戰守策 / 教战守策
- 方策 (fāngcè)
- 書策 / 书策
- 束手無策 / 束手无策 (shùshǒuwúcè)
- 杖策
- 殖民政策
- 決策 / 决策 (juécè)
- 決策千里
- 治安策
- 焦土政策 (jiāotǔ zhèngcè)
- 無策 / 无策 (wúcè)
- 獻策 / 献策 (xiàncè)
- 玄策
- 畫策 / 画策 (huàcè)
- 畫策設謀 / 画策设谋
- 發策 / 发策
- 發策決科 / 发策决科
- 白澳政策
- 督策
- 社會政策 / 社会政策 (shèhuì zhèngcè)
- 神機妙策 / 神机妙策
- 神術妙策 / 神术妙策
- 神謀妙策 / 神谋妙策
- 萬全之策 / 万全之策
- 策劃 / 策划 (cèhuà)
- 策動 / 策动 (cèdòng)
- 策勒 (Cèlè)
- 策勛 / 策勋
- 策勵 / 策励 (cèlì)
- 策反 (cèfǎn)
- 策名
- 策命
- 策問 / 策问
- 策士 (cèshì)
- 策應 / 策应 (cèyìng)
- 策文 (cèwén)
- 策書 / 策书
- 策望
- 策杖 (cèzhàng)
- 策源地 (cèyuándì)
- 策略 (cèlüè)
- 策畫 / 策画
- 策立
- 策策
- 策試 / 策试
- 策論 / 策论 (cèlùn)
- 策謀 / 策谋
- 策蹇
- 策進 / 策进
- 策馬 / 策马 (cèmǎ)
- 算無遺策 / 算无遗策 (suànwúyícè)
- 簡策楮墨 / 简策楮墨
- 籌策 / 筹策
- 群策群力 (qúncèqúnlì)
- 良策 (liángcè)
- 裹糧策馬 / 裹粮策马
- 計策 / 计策 (jìcè)
- 詔策 / 诏策
- 謀無遺策 / 谋无遗策
- 警策
- 財政政策 / 财政政策 (cáizhèng zhèngcè)
- 貨幣政策 / 货币政策 (huòbì zhèngcè)
- 資策會 / 资策会
- 贈策 / 赠策
- 走為上策 / 走为上策 (zǒuwéishàngcè)
- 遺策 / 遗策
- 長策 / 长策 (chángcè)
- 關稅政策 / 关税政策
- 陳策樓 / 陈策楼 (Chéncèlóu)
- 鞭策 (biāncè)
- 風流策 / 风流策
- 馬策 / 马策
- 駝鳥政策 / 驼鸟政策
- 驅策 / 驱策 (qūcè)
- 龜策 / 龟策
Descendants
References
- “策”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “策”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 267.
Japanese
Kanji
策
Readings
- Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
- Kan-on: さく (saku, Jōyō)
- Kun: ふだ (fuda, 策)、ふみ (fumi)、むち (muchi, 策)、つえ (tsue, 策)、かずとり (kazutori)、はかりごと (hakarigoto, 策)
- Nanori: かず (kazu)、つか (tsuka)、もり (mori)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 策 |
| さく Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 策 (tsrheak).
Pronunciation
Noun
策 • (saku)
- plan; policy
- 正直は決して最上の策ではない。
- Shōjiki wa kesshite saijō no saku de wa nai.
- Honesty is never the best policy.
- 正直は決して最上の策ではない。
- the fifth of the Eight Principles of Yong
Hypernyms
- 永字八法 (eiji happō, “the Eight Principles of Yong”)
Coordinate terms
- 側 (soku, “the first of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
- 勒 (roku, “the second of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
- 努 (do, “the third of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
- 趯 (teki, “the fourth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
- 掠 (ryaku, “the sixth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
- 啄 (taku, “the seventh of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
- 磔 (taku, “the eighth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
Derived terms
- 策を講ずる (saku o kōzuru)
- 策を施す (saku o hodokosu)
Suffix
策 • (-saku)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 策 |
| むち Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 策 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 策, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰɛk̚] ~ [t͡ɕʰe̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [책/첵]
Hanja
策 • (chaek) (hangeul 책, revised chaek, McCune–Reischauer ch'aek, Yale chayk)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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