議論
See also: 议论
Chinese
| criticize; discuss | to talk (about); to discuss; theory to talk (about); to discuss; theory; by the; per; the Analects (of Confucius) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (議論) | 議 | 論 | |
| simp. (议论) | 议 | 论 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ji5 leon6
- Hakka
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gi5 long5 / gi5 luong5
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yìlùn
- Zhuyin: ㄧˋ ㄌㄨㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yìlùn
- Wade–Giles: i4-lun4
- Yale: yì-lwùn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yihluenn
- Palladius: илунь (ilunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /i⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ji5 leon6
- Yale: yíh leuhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: ji5 loen6
- Guangdong Romanization: yi5 lên6
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiː¹³ lɵn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngi-lun
- Hakka Romanization System: ngi lun
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngi4 lun4
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi⁵⁵ lun⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ngi˖ lun˖
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi³³ lun³³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gi5 long5 [Phonetic: gi4 long5]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gī-leōng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki¹¹⁻⁴² lɔŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gi5 luong5 [Phonetic: gi4 luong5]
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki²¹⁻⁴² luoŋ²¹/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gī-lūn
- Tâi-lô: gī-lūn
- Phofsit Daibuun: gixlun
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɡi²²⁻²¹ lun²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡi⁴¹⁻²² lun⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡi²²⁻²¹ lun²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /ɡi³³⁻¹¹ lun³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡi³³⁻²¹ lun³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ngi2 lung6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngí lŭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋi⁵²⁻³⁵ luŋ³⁵/
- (Hokkien)
- Middle Chinese: ngjeH lwonH
Verb
議論
Synonyms
- 交涉 (jiāoshè)
- 傾 / 倾 (king1) (Cantonese, informal)
- 協商 / 协商 (xiéshāng)
- 協議 / 协议 (xiéyì)
- 口語 / 口语 (kǒuyǔ) (archaic)
- 商榷 (shāngquè) (chiefly in an academic context)
- 商討 / 商讨 (shāngtǎo)
- 商談 / 商谈 (shāngtán)
- 商議 / 商议 (shāngyì)
- 商量 (shāngliang)
- 接接 (Hokkien)
- 接洽 (jiēqià) (formal)
- 插話 / 插话 (Hokkien)
- 會談 / 会谈 (huìtán)
- 槌摃鐵 / 槌𫼱铁 (Hokkien)
- 比接 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 洽商 (qiàshāng)
- 洽談 / 洽谈 (qiàtán)
- 申論 / 申论 (shēnlùn)
- 研究 (yánjiū)
- 磋商 (cuōshāng) (formal)
- 磋議 / 磋议 (cuōyì)
- 磨合 (móhé) (figurative)
- 觸牙 / 触牙 (Hokkien)
- 言說 / 言说 (yánshuō) (formal)
- 言論 / 言论 (yánlùn)
- 言辭 / 言辞 (yáncí) (literary)
- 計謀 / 计谋 (jìmóu) (literary)
- 計議 / 计议 (jìyì) (literary)
- 計較 / 计较
- 討論 / 讨论 (tǎolùn)
- 評 / 评 (píng) (literary, or in compounds)
- 評論 / 评论 (pínglùn)
- 說 / 说
- 說合 / 说合 (shuōhé)
- 說道 / 说道 (shuōdao) (colloquial)
- 談判 / 谈判 (tánpàn)
- 談論 / 谈论 (tánlùn)
- 謀慮 / 谋虑 (móulǜ) (literary)
- 講論 / 讲论 (jiǎnglùn)
- 議 / 议 (yì)
- 錦議 / 锦议 (Hokkien)
- 闡論 / 阐论 (chǎnlùn) (literary)
Related terms
Noun
議論
- discussion; debate
Synonyms
Derived terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 議 | 論 |
| ぎ Grade: 4 |
ろん Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
議論 • (giron)
- discussion
- 歳出削減に関する議論があった。
- Saishutsu sakugen ni kansuru giron ga atta.
- There was talk about budget cuts.
- 歳出削減に関する議論があった。
- dispute, argument
- debate
Verb
議論する • (giron suru) transitive suru (stem 議論し (giron shi), past 議論した (giron shita))
- discuss
- 歳出削減について議論した。
- Saishutsu sakugen ni tsuite giron shita.
- They talked about budget cuts.
- 歳出削減について議論した。
- to argue, to dispute
- to debate
Conjugation
Conjugation of "議論する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 議論し | ぎろんし | giron shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 議論し | ぎろんし | giron shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 議論する | ぎろんする | giron suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 議論する | ぎろんする | giron suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 議論すれ | ぎろんすれ | giron sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 議論せよ¹ 議論しろ² |
ぎろんせよ¹ ぎろんしろ² |
giron seyo¹ giron shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 議論される | ぎろんされる | giron sareru | |
| Causative | 議論させる 議論さす |
ぎろんさせる ぎろんさす |
giron saseru giron sasu | |
| Potential | 議論できる | ぎろんできる | giron dekiru | |
| Volitional | 議論しよう | ぎろんしよう | giron shiyō | |
| Negative | 議論しない | ぎろんしない | giron shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 議論せず | ぎろんせず | giron sezu | |
| Formal | 議論します | ぎろんします | giron shimasu | |
| Perfective | 議論した | ぎろんした | giron shita | |
| Conjunctive | 議論して | ぎろんして | giron shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 議論すれば | ぎろんすれば | giron sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
See also
- ディベート (dibēto)
References
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 議 | 論 |
Noun
議論 • (uinon) (hangeul 의논)
- hanja form? of 의논 (“discussion; debate”)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 議 | 論 |
Noun
議論