餌

See also: 饵

餌	U+990C, 餌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-990C

← 餋
[U+990B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

餍 →
[U+990D]

Translingual

Han character

餌 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+6, 15 strokes, cangjie input 人戈尸十 (OISJ), four-corner 8174₀, composition ⿰飠耳)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1419, character 30
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44146
Dae Jaweon: page 1944, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4449, character 13
Unihan data for U+990C

Chinese

trad.		餌
simp.		饵
alternative forms		𩱓㢽𧊗 bait 𩚪𩛣

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 餌
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (耳) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
佴	nɯːs, njɯs
麛	*miː
弭	*mniʔ
渳	*mniʔ
葞	*mniʔ
髶	njis, njoŋ
聻	*nɯʔ
恥	*n̥ʰɯʔ
咡	njɯ, njɯs
誀	njɯ, njɯs
耳	*njɯʔ
洱	njɯʔ, njɯs
駬	*njɯʔ
餌	*njɯs
珥	*njɯs
衈	*njɯs
毦	*njɯs
刵	*njɯs
眲	njɯs, rnɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njɯs): semantic 食 (“to eat”) + phonetic 耳 (OC *njɯʔ).

Etymology

An area word. Compare Khmer នុយ (nuy, “bait; lure (especially for catching fish)”), Thai เหยื่อ (yʉ̀ʉa, “bait”) (Schuelsser, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ěr (er³)

(Zhuyin): ㄦˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): nei⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngí
Eastern Min (BUC): né
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ni⁴ / zi³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lī / jī / ní / jíⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): ri⁷ / re²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶gher

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ěr
  - Zhuyin: ㄦˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ěr
  - Wade–Giles: êrh³
  - Yale: ěr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eel
  - Palladius: эр (er)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤɻ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: nei⁶
  - Yale: neih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nei⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: néi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nei̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngí
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngi^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngi³
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: né
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡɛi²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ni⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ni̍
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni⁴²/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zi³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cî
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si³³²/

Note:

ni4 - vernacular;
zi3 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lī
  - Tâi-lô: lī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: li
  - IPA (Taipei): /li³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /li²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jī
  - Tâi-lô: jī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ji
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zi³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zi²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ní
  - Tâi-lô: ní
  - Phofsit Daibuun: nie
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /nĩ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /nĩ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jíⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: jínn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jvie
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zĩ⁵³/

Note:

lī/jī - vernacular;
ní/jíⁿ - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ri⁷ / re²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jī / jṳ́
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zi¹¹/, /d͡zɯ⁵²/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶gher
  - MiniDict: r^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hher
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦəl²³/

Middle Chinese: nyiH

Rime
Character	餌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	仍吏切
Baxter	nyiH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵɨ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑie^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵɨ^H/
Li Rong	/ȵiə^H/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭə^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	èr
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.]nə(ʔ)-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*njɯs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	餌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ěr
Middle Chinese	‹ nyi^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.]nə(ʔ)-s/
English	bait
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	餌
Reading #	1/1
No.	2786
Phonetic component	耳
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*njɯs/

Definitions

餌

food made of rice dough
food
medicine
to eat
to feed
bait (either for fish or for other animals)
to lure

Compounds

以狸餌鼠 / 以狸饵鼠
抑威餌敵 / 抑威饵敌
服餌 / 服饵
果餌 / 果饵
毒餌 / 毒饵 (dú'ěr)
祿餌 / 禄饵
芳餌 / 芳饵
藥餌 / 药饵 (yào'ěr)
虜餌 / 虏饵
誘餌 / 诱饵 (yòu'ěr)
針餌莫減 / 针饵莫减
釣餌 / 钓饵 (diào'ěr)
餌名釣祿 / 饵名钓禄
餌料生物 / 饵料生物
餌藥 / 饵药
餌誘 / 饵诱 (ěryòu)
餌釣 / 饵钓
餅餌 / 饼饵 (bǐng'ěr)
香餌 / 香饵
魚餌 / 鱼饵 (yú'ěr)

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “饵”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

Japanese

Kanji

餌

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: に (ni)
Kan-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)
Kun: えさ (esa, 餌, Jōyō)^{←ゑさ (wesa, 餌, historical)}、え (e, 餌, Jōyō)^{←ゑ (we, 餌, historical)}、もち (mochi)

Compounds

好餌(こうじ) (kōji)
給餌(きゅうじ) (kyūji)
擬餌(ぎじ) (giji)
索餌(さくじ) (sakuji)
食餌(しょくじ) (shokuji)
薬餌(やくじ) (yakuji)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
餌
えさ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) えさ [èsáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]
(Tokyo) えさ [èsá] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [e̞sa̠]

Noun

餌(えさ) • (esa) ^{←ゑさ (wesa)^?}

animal food, feed
犬(いぬ)に毎日(まいにち)餌(えさ)を上(あ)げて下(くだ)さい。
Inu ni mainichi esa o agete kudasai.
Please feed the dog every day.

トンビにエサをあたえないでください。
Tonbi ni esa o ataenaide kudasai.
Please do not feed the black kites.
(literally, “Please do not give food to the black kites.”)
bait

Derived terms

餌場(えさば) (esaba, “feeding grounds”)
餌箱(えさばこ) (esabako, “the feed tray of an animal, a feed trough, a feed box; a bait box”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
餌
え Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) え [éꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [e̞]

Noun

餌(え) • (e) ^{←ゑ (we)^?}

animal food, feed
bait

Derived terms

餌食(えじき) (ejiki)
餌壷(えつぼ) (etsubo)
餌付(えづ)く (ezuku)
餌袋(えぶくろ) (ebukuro)
擂(す)り餌(え) (surie)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

餌 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

餌: Hán Nôm readings: nhị, nhĩ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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