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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
- Per Derksen, related to *però (“wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥H-, from *perH-.[1] Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (faran, “to wander”), German fahren (“to travel”), English fare, and less directly with Lithuanian spar̃nas (“wing”), Latvian spā̀rns (“wing”), Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇá, “wing”), Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing”), Old English fearn (“fern”), English fern, Old Irish raith (“fern”).
- Per Vasmer, cognate with Ancient Greek πείρω (peírō, “to pierce, to break”), περάω (peráō, “to pierce, to break”), πόρος (póros, “passage”), πορθμός (porthmós, “isthmus, crossing”), Sanskrit पिपर्ति (píparti, “to transport, to transfer”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (faran, “to wander”), German fahren (“to travel”), English fare. This apparently reflects Proto-Indo-European *per-, without a laryngeal.[2]
- Others derive both *però (“wing”) and Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing”) from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥, cognate with English feather.
Note that Vasmer derives Old Church Slavonic перѫтъ (perǫtŭ, “they fly”) from Proto-Slavic *perti (“to fly”) (etymologically separate from the normal verb of that shape). This derivation is not consistent with evidence from other languages, which show that *perti has 1sg. *pьrǫ rather than **perǫ. Vasmer also includes Russian пере́ть (perétʹ, “to move, to travel”) as a derivative of this putative verb rather than as a colloquial, secondary development from the primary meaning "to drag".
Verb
*pьrati impf[1][3]
- to fly
Inflection
Conjugation of
*pьrati, *pьra, *peretь (
impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *pьranьje
|
*pьrati
|
*pьratъ
|
*pьralъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*pьranъ
|
*peromъ
|
| Active
|
*pьravъ
|
*pery
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*pьraxъ |
*pьra |
*pьra
|
*perǫ |
*pereši |
*peretь
|
| Dual
|
*pьraxově |
*pьrasta |
*pьraste
|
*perevě |
*pereta |
*perete
|
| Plural
|
*pьraxomъ |
*pьraste |
*pьrašę
|
*peremъ |
*perete |
*perǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*pьraaxъ |
*pьraaše |
*pьraaše
|
— |
*peri |
*peri
|
| Dual
|
*pьraaxově |
*pьraašeta |
*pьraašete
|
*perěvě |
*perěta |
—
|
| Plural
|
*pьraaxomъ |
*pьraašete |
*pьraaxǫ
|
*perěmъ |
*perěte |
—
|
Descendants
- Church Slavonic: перу (peru, “I fly, I move”) (Russian)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: 1sg. перѫ (perǫ, “I fly”), 3pl. перѫтъ (perǫtŭ, “they fly”)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
Etymology 2
Formed as *perti + *-ati, descending either from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to beat”)[4] or from Proto-Indo-European *(s)perH- (“to trample, to spurn”) (see *perti for further explanation). The present tense declension continues the simple thematic forms *(s)per(H)-é-ti.
Verb
*pьràti[4][5][6][7]
- to beat, to trample
- to wash (by hand)
- Synonym: *polkati
Inflection
Conjugation of
*pьrati, *pьra, *peretь (
impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *pьranьje
|
*pьrati
|
*pьratъ
|
*pьralъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*pьranъ
|
*peromъ
|
| Active
|
*pьravъ
|
*pery
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*pьraxъ |
*pьra |
*pьra
|
*perǫ |
*pereši |
*peretь
|
| Dual
|
*pьraxově |
*pьrasta |
*pьraste
|
*perevě |
*pereta |
*perete
|
| Plural
|
*pьraxomъ |
*pьraste |
*pьrašę
|
*peremъ |
*perete |
*perǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*pьraaxъ |
*pьraaše |
*pьraaše
|
— |
*peri |
*peri
|
| Dual
|
*pьraaxově |
*pьraašeta |
*pьraašete
|
*perěvě |
*perěta |
—
|
| Plural
|
*pьraaxomъ |
*pьraašete |
*pьraaxǫ
|
*perěmъ |
*perěte |
—
|
- Intensive derivative: *-pirati
Derived terms
- *peridlo (“washer (tool)”)
- *perilьnъ (“washing-related”)
- *periteľь (“washer (agent)”)
- *pьrakъ, *pьraka
- *pьranьje (“laundry”)
- *porťa (“sling (weapon)”)
- *pеralьňa (“washing box, washing machine”)
Descendants
- Church Slavonic: пьрати (pĭrati)
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: пьрати (pĭrati)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: пера́ (perá)
- Macedonian: пере (pere)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: пра̏ти
- Latin script: prȁti
- Slovene: práti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: práti
- Kashubian: prac
- Polish: prać
- Slovak: prať
- Sorbian:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “прать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pьrati I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 427: “v.”
- ^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пере́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “(po-)pьrati: -perǫ -peretь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c sparke, trykke (PR 139)”
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pьrati II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 427: “v. ‘beat, trample, wash’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “pьrati: perǫ peretь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[2], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c vaske (SA 204, 236; PR 139)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “práti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*pьra̋ti, sed. *pȅrǫ”
- ^ Kapović, Mate (2007) “The Development of Proto-Slavic Quantity”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch[3], University of Vienna, page 6: “*pьra̋ti”