Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ārï

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

*(h)ārgï (per Räsänen)

Etymology

Räsänen reconstructs this root as *hārγï, which is then compared with Finnish paarma (“horsefly, gadfly”).

Chuvash and Kipchak languages at large seem to have adopted the compound *bal-kūrtnï (literally “honey maggot”) instead of *ārï.

Noun

*ārï

bee, wasp

Declension

Declension of *ārï
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*ārï
accusative	ārïg, ārïnï¹⁾
genitive	*ārïnïŋ
dative	*ārïka
locative	*ārïda
ablative	*ārïdan
allative	*ārïgaru
instrumental ²⁾	*ārïn
equative ²⁾	*ārïča
similative ²⁾	*ārïlayu
comitative ²⁾	*ārïlïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- >? Bulgar: *ura
  - ⇒? Chuvash: тӗкӗлтура (tĕk̬ĕlt̬ura, “humble bee”) (tĕk̬ĕlt̬ĕ + *ura)

Arghu:
- Khalaj: hârı
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: arı
  - Ottoman Turkish: آری (arı)
    - Gagauz: aarı
    - Turkish: arı
    - → Crimean Tatar: arı
- Turkmen: ary
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: اَرِی (arı)^[1]
  - Chagatai: اری (arı)
    - Uzbek: ari
      - → Tajik: ору (oru)
    - Uyghur: ھەرە (here)
Kipchak:
- Mamluk-Kipchak: ارو (aru)
- Kipchak-Nogai:
  - Kazakh: ара (ara)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: аары (aarı)
  - Southern Altai: адару (adaru), аару (aaru)
Siberian Turkic:
- Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽶 (ʾʾry /⁠arï⁠/, “insect, bee”)
- North Siberian Turkic:
  - Yakut: ыҥырыа (ıñırıa)
- South Siberian Turkic:
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: аар (aar)
    - Shor: аары (ārı)
  - Tofa: ары (arı)
  - Tuvan: ары (arı)
    - Kuu-Kizhi: ару (aru)
    - Kumandy-Kizhi: аары (aarı)


dog: *ï̄t	hunting dog: *eker	hen: *tiakïgu
lark: *torgay	dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin	quail: *bïldurčïn
sparrow: *serče	hawk, falcon: *kïrguy	goose: *kāŕ
wolf: *bȫrü	cow: *ingek	calf: *buŕagu
camel: *tebe	young of camel: kȫĺek, botu	horse: *at
foal: *kulun	worm: *kūrt	snake: *yï̄lan
fox: *tilkü	goat: *keči	he-goat: *teke
lion: *arsïlan	fish: *bālïk	carp bream: *čapak
donkey: *eĺčgek	carp: *siāŕgan	catfish: *yāyïn
beaver: *kunduŕ	hedgehog: *kirpi	badger: *borsmuk
fly, mosquito: *siŋek	wasp, bee: *ārï	gadfly: *bȫgen
moth: *küńe	louse: *bït	earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
yak: *kotuz	colt: *sïp	dragon: *siāŕgan
worm: *kūrt	deer: keyik, sïgun, bulan, bugu	lizard: *keleŕ

References

^ al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume 1, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 87

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “arı:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 196, 197
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, pages 25, 26
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[1] -Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume 1, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 87

[1]