Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kāŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

  • *kāz

Etymology

Considering the bird’s black feathers, it could be a derivative of the word 'black' (see Proto-Turkic *kara), but most data support the hypothesis of an onomatopoeic origin.[1][2][3] Probably related to the Hungarian onomatopoeic word gá-gá (“sound a goose makes”).[3] This onomatopoeic formation may serve the same function as other Turkic bird-related words like karga (“crow, black bird”) and kuş (“bird”), compare the Hungarian onomatopoeic word kár-kár ("to croak").[3]

Alternatively, borrowed from some reflex of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”), perhaps Tocharian.[4][5] Pedersen derived from Old Armenian *գաս (*gas), the supposed earlier form of սագ (sag, “goose”),[6][7] but this derivation is implausible.[2][5] Unlikely to be a direct borrowing from Proto-Indo-European, but perhaps coincidental or a cultural Wanderwort.[8] Compare with Chechen гӏа̄з (ğaaz), Ingush гӏа̄ж (ğaaž).

Noun

*kāŕ

  1. goose

Declension

Declension of *kāŕ
singular 3)
nominative *kāŕ
accusative *kāŕïg, *kāŕnï1)
genitive *kāŕnïŋ
dative *kāŕka
locative *kāŕta
ablative *kāŕtan
allative *kāŕgaru
instrumental 2) *kāŕïn
equative 2) *kāŕča
similative 2) *kāŕlayu
comitative 2) *kāŕlïgu
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: хур (hur)
  • Common Turkic:

See also

Animals in Turkic
dog: *ï̄t hunting dog: *eker hen: *tiakïgu
lark: *torgay dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin quail: *bïldurčïn
sparrow: *serče hawk, falcon: *kïrguy goose: *kāŕ
wolf: *bȫrü cow: *ingek calf: *buŕagu
camel: *tebe young of camel: *kȫĺek, *botu horse: *at
foal: *kulun worm: *kūrt snake: *yï̄lan
fox: *tilkü goat: *keči he-goat: *teke
lion: *arsïlan fish: *bālïk carp bream: *čapak
donkey: *eĺčgek carp: *siāŕgan catfish: *yāyïn
beaver: *kunduŕ hedgehog: *kirpi badger: *borsmuk
fly, mosquito: *siŋek wasp, bee: *ārï gadfly: *bȫgen
moth: *küńe louse: *bït earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
yak: *kotuz colt: *sïp dragon: *siāŕgan
worm: *kūrt deer: *keyik, *sïgun, *bulan, *bugu lizard: *keleŕ

Further reading

  • Abajev, V. I. (1973) “qaz”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 272
  • Budagov, Lazarʹ (1871) Сравнительный словарь турецко-татарских наречий [Comparative Dictionary of Turko-Tatar Dialects] (in Russian), volume II, Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 13
  • Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1899) Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte [Attempt at a Lexicon of the Turkic Dialects], volume II (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 360f
  • Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1899) Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte [Attempt at a Lexicon of the Turkic Dialects], volume II (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 346

References

  1. ^ Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume V, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, page 184b
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎[1] (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 1389, pages 385–387
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Czeglédi, Katalin. The Nature of the Relationship between the Hungarian and Turkish Languages. Journal of Eurasian Studies. Volume IV., Issue 4. October-December 2012.
  4. ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 679
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “սագ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 152b
  6. ^ Pedersen, Holger (1906) “Armenisch und die Nachbarsprachen”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der Indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume 39, number 3, pages 453–454
  7. ^ Pedersen (Pedersən), Holger (1907) H. Tʻovmas Ketikean, transl., Hayerēn ew dracʻi lezunerə [Armenian and the Neighbouring Languages] (in Armenian), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, pages 186–187
  8. ^ The Proto-Bulgaro-Turkic Urheimat based on geolexical analysis (archived)
  9. ^ Schluessel, Eric (2015) “goose”, in Digital glossary of Eastern Turki‎[2]
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