Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/burčak

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Probably a diminutive form of an unknown root; *bur +‎ *-čak. However, compare *bür (“bud, leaf”) and its derivative *bürtük (“grain”) for a similar semantic and morphological parallel. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

*burčak

bean, pea

Declension

Declension of *burčak
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*burčak
accusative	burčakïg, burčaknï¹⁾
genitive	*burčaknïŋ
dative	*burčakka
locative	*burčakda
ablative	*burčakdan
allative	*burčakgaru
instrumental ²⁾	*burčakïn
equative ²⁾	*burčakča
similative ²⁾	*burčaklayu
comitative ²⁾	*burčaklïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: пăрҫа (părś̬a)
  - → Eastern Mari: пурса (pursa)
  - → Western Mari: пырса (pyrsa)
- → Hungarian: borsó
Proto-Common Turkic: *burčak

Proto-Oghuz: *burčak
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Ottoman Turkish: بورچاق (burçak), بورجاق (burcak)
      - Gagauz: borçaq
      - Turkish: burçak
      - → Middle Armenian: պուռչախ (puṙčʻax)
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: burçak
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: بُرْچَقْ (burčaq)
  - Khorezmian Turkic:
    - Chagatai: [script needed] (burçaq)
      - Uzbek: burchoq
      - Uyghur: پۇرچاق (purchaq)
Kipchak:
- Kipchak: [script needed] (burçaq)
  - North Kipchak:
    - Bashkir: борсаҡ (borsaq)
    - Tatar: борчак (borçaq)
  - West Kipchak:
    - Karachay-Balkar: бурчакъ (burçaq)
    - Karaim: бурчакъ (burçaq), бурчах (burçax)
    - Kumyk: бурчакъ (burçaq)
  - South Kipchak:
    - Caspian:
      - Kazakh: бұршақ (būrşaq)
      - Karakalpak: burshaq
      - Nogai: [script needed] (burşaq)
    - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      - Kyrgyz: буурчак (buurcak)
      - Southern Altai: мырчак (mïrčak)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic:
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (burçaq)
    - Western Yugur: pırçaq
- South Siberian:
  - Yenisei:
    - Shor: мырчақ (mïrčaq)
→? Proto-Mongolic: *buxurcag
- → Kyrgyz: буурчак (buurcak)

References

Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*burčak”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill


barley: *arpa	beans, peas: *burčak	farro, wheat: *bugday
jujube: *yidge	berry: *yidgelek	strawberry: čige, čigelek
apple: *almïla	walnut: *yaŋgak	honey: *bal
millet: *tarïg	onion: *sōgun	salt: *tūŕ
egg: *yumurtka	butter: *yāg	mushroom: *kömbe
radish: turp, turma	carrot: *turma	hazelnut: *bōńurï