Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tarïg

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *tarï- (“to cultivate”) +‎ *-g.

Noun

*tarïg

millet

Declension

Declension of *tarïg
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*tarïg
accusative	tarïgïg, tarïgnï¹⁾
genitive	*tarïgnïŋ
dative	*tarïgka
locative	*tarïgda
ablative	*tarïgdan
allative	*tarïggaru
instrumental ²⁾	*tarïgïn
equative ²⁾	*tarïgča
similative ²⁾	*tarïglayu
comitative ²⁾	*tarïglïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

→ Proto-Mongolic: *tarïxan
- Mongolian: тариа (taria)
Oghur:
- Chuvash: тырӑ (tyră)
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: darı
  - Ottoman Turkish: داری, دارو (darı), طاری (darı), طارو (darı)
    - Gagauz: darı
    - Turkish: darı
    - → Armenian: տառը (taṙə), տառոս (taṙos), տարոս (taros)
- Salar: tarı
- Turkmen: dary
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (tarığ)
  - Uzbek: tariq
  - Uyghur: تېرىق (tëriq)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: тары (tarı)
  - Tatar: тары (tarı)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: tarı
  - Kumyk: тари (tari)
  - Karaim: тары
  - Karachay-Balkar: тары (tarı)
- South Kipchak:
  - South Kipchak:
    - Kazakh: тары (tary)
    - Karakalpak: tari
  - East Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: таруу (taruu)
    - Southern Altai: тару (taru)
- → Hungarian: dara
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tarığ)
  - Western Yugur: tarığ
- South Siberian:
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: тарығ (tarığ)

References

Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 287-291
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*dạrɨ-g”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill


barley: *arpa	beans, peas: *burčak	farro, wheat: *bugday
jujube: *yidge	berry: *yidgelek	strawberry: čige, čigelek
apple: *almïla	walnut: *yaŋgak	honey: *bal
millet: *tarïg	onion: *sōgun	salt: *tūŕ
egg: *yumurtka	butter: *yāg	mushroom: *kömbe
radish: turp, turma	carrot: *turma	hazelnut: *bōńurï