Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yẹ̄miĺč

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*yẹ̄miĺč

fruits

Declension

Declension of *yẹ̄miĺč
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*yẹ̄miĺč
accusative	yẹ̄miĺčig, yẹ̄miĺčni¹⁾
genitive	*yẹ̄miĺčniŋ
dative	*yẹ̄miĺčke
locative	*yẹ̄miĺčde
ablative	*yẹ̄miĺčden
allative	*yẹ̄miĺčgerü
instrumental ²⁾	*yẹ̄miĺčin
equative ²⁾	*yẹ̄miĺčče
similative ²⁾	*yẹ̄miĺčleyü
comitative ²⁾	*yẹ̄miĺčligü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Derived terms

Proto-Turkic: *yẹ̄miĺčen

Descendants

Oghur:
- Proto-Bulgar:
  - Volga Bulgar:
    - Chuvash: ҫимӗҫ (śimĕś)
  - → Hungarian: gyümölcs
Proto-Common Turkic: *yẹ̄miš

Oghuz:
- Proto-Oghuz: *yẹ̄miş
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: ييمش (yimiş)
    - Azerbaijani: yemiş
    - Gagauz: emiş
    - Ottoman Turkish: یمش (yemiş), یمیش (yemiş)
      - Turkish: yemiş
      - → Armenian: եմիշ (emiš)
      - → Egyptian Arabic: يميش (yamīš), يامش (yāmiš)
      - → Northern Kurdish: êmîş
      - → Macedonian: емиш (emiš)
      - → Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: јемиш
        Latin script: jemiš
  - Salar: yimiş
  - Turkmen: iýmiş
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: يَمِشْ (yemiş)
  - Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yémiş)
    - Chagatai: [script needed] (yémiş)
      - Uyghur: [script needed] (yemiş)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: емеш (yemeş)
  - Tatar: йимеш (yimeş), җимеш (cimeş)
  - → Udmurt: емыш (jemyš)
- Kipchak-Cuman:
  - Cuman: yemis
    - Mamluk-Kipchak: يامش (yemiş)
    - Crimean Tatar: yemiş
    - Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (ǯemiš)
    - Kumyk: емиш (yemiş)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: жеміс (jemıs)
    - Karakalpak: jemis
    - → Middle Mongol: ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ (ǰimis)
      - Buryat: жэмэс (žemes)
      - Mongolian: жимс (žims)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: жимеш (jimeş)
    - Southern Altai: јемиш (ǰemiš)
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yemiş)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tuvan: чемиш (çemiş)
  - Yeniseian Turkic:
    - Khakas: ниміс (nimìs)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yémiş”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 938
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yemiş”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 197
Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), volume I, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 417-418


barley: *arpa	beans, peas: *burčak	farro, wheat: *bugday
jujube: *yidge	berry: *yidgelek	strawberry: čige, čigelek
apple: *almïla	walnut: *yaŋgak	honey: *bal
millet: *tarïg	onion: *sōgun	salt: *tūŕ
egg: *yumurtka	butter: *yāg	mushroom: *kömbe
radish: turp, turma	carrot: *turma	hazelnut: *bōńurï