Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic أَمَرَ (ʔamara).
Pronunciation
Verb
-amuru (infinitive kuamuru)
- to command, to order
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -amuru
|
| Positive present
|
-naamuru
|
| Subjunctive
|
-amuru
|
| Negative
|
-amuru
|
| Imperative singular
|
amuru
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuamuru
|
| Negative
|
kutoamuru
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
amuru
|
| Plural
|
amuruni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huamuru
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -liamuru
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuamuru
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -naamuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninaamuru/naamuru
|
tunaamuru
|
| 2nd person
|
unaamuru
|
mnaamuru
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anaamuru
|
wanaamuru
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -naamuru
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -amuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
siamuru
|
hatuamuru
|
| 2nd person
|
huamuru
|
hamwamuru
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
haamuru
|
hawaamuru
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -amuru
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -taamuru
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -taamuru
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -amuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niamuru
|
tuamuru
|
| 2nd person
|
uamuru
|
mwamuru
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aamuru
|
waamuru
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -amuru
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -siamuru
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeamuru
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeamuru
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngaliamuru
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singaliamuru
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aamuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
naamuru
|
twaamuru
|
| 2nd person
|
waamuru
|
mwaamuru
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aamuru
|
waamuru
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
waamuru
|
yaamuru
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
laamuru
|
yaamuru
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chaamuru
|
vyaamuru
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yaamuru
|
zaamuru
|
| u(XI)
|
waamuru
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwaamuru
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
paamuru
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwaamuru
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meamuru
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshaamuru
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jaamuru
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kiamuru
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipoamuru
|
| Consecutive
|
kaamuru / positive subject concord + -kaamuru
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kaamuru
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-niamuru
|
-tuamuru
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuamuru
|
-waamuru/-kuamuruni/-waamuruni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mwamuru
|
-waamuru
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uamuru
|
-iamuru
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-liamuru
|
-yaamuru
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kiamuru
|
-viamuru
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-iamuru
|
-ziamuru
|
| u(XI)
|
-uamuru
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuamuru
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-paamuru
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muamuru
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jiamuru
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -amuru- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-amuruye
|
-amuruo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-amuruo
|
-amuruyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-amurulo
|
-amuruyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-amurucho
|
-amuruvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-amuruyo
|
-amuruzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-amuruo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-amuruko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-amurupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-amurumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -amuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeamuru
|
-oamuru
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oamuru
|
-yoamuru
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loamuru
|
-yoamuru
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choamuru
|
-vyoamuru
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoamuru
|
-zoamuru
|
| u(XI)
|
-oamuru
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koamuru
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poamuru
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moamuru
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms