bergen
See also: Bergen
English
Etymology
Shortened from Bergen rucksack, possibly named after their creator, Norwegian Ole F. Bergan, combined with the name of the Norwegian city of Bergen.
Noun
bergen (plural bergens)
- (UK, military) A large rucksack.
- 2012, Peter Ratcliffe, Eye of the Storm:
- Their bergens were already stuffed almost to bursting point, as were their belt kits, with rations, water, radios and spare batteries, ammunition, personal equipment, sleeping bags, waterproofs, medical packs, survival kits, and much more.
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɛrɣə(n)/
Audio: (file) - Hyphenation: ber‧gen
- Rhymes: -ɛrɣən
- Homophone: Bergen
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch bergen, from Old Dutch bergan, from Proto-West Germanic *bergan, from Proto-Germanic *berganą.
Verb
bergen
- (transitive) to store, to stash away
- (transitive) to salvage (a vessel)
Conjugation
| Conjugation of bergen (strong class 3b) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | bergen | |||
| past singular | borg | |||
| past participle | geborgen | |||
| infinitive | bergen | |||
| gerund | bergen n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | berg | borg | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | bergt, berg2 | borg | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | bergt | borg | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | bergt | borgt | ||
| 3rd person singular | bergt | borg | ||
| plural | bergen | borgen | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | berge | borge | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | bergen | borgen | ||
| imperative sing. | berg | |||
| imperative plur.1 | bergt | |||
| participles | bergend | geborgen | ||
| 1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. | ||||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Afrikaans: berg
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
bergen
- plural of berg
Anagrams
German
Etymology
From Middle High German bergen, from Old High German bergan, from Proto-West Germanic *bergan, from Proto-Germanic *berganą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɛɐ̯ɡŋ̩/, /ˈbɛɐ̯ɡən̪/
Audio: (file)
Verb
bergen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present birgt, past tense barg, past participle geborgen, past subjunctive bärge, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive) to save (someone); to rescue
- (transitive) to salvage; to recover
- (transitive) to conceal; shelter; to contain
- (transitive, naval) to take in (a sail); to shorten (a sail)
- die Segel bergen ― to shorten the sail
Conjugation
Conjugation of bergen (class 3 strong, auxiliary haben)
| infinitive | bergen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | bergend | ||||
| past participle | geborgen | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich berge | wir bergen | i | ich berge | wir bergen |
| du birgst | ihr bergt | du bergest | ihr berget | ||
| er birgt | sie bergen | er berge | sie bergen | ||
| preterite | ich barg | wir bargen | ii | ich bärge1 | wir bärgen1 |
| du bargst | ihr bargt | du bärgest1 du bärgst1 |
ihr bärget1 ihr bärgt1 | ||
| er barg | sie bargen | er bärge1 | sie bärgen1 | ||
| imperative | birg (du) | bergt (ihr) | |||
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Composed forms of bergen (class 3 strong, auxiliary haben)
Derived terms
- geborgen (adjective)
Related terms
- Bergegut, Berglohn, Bergung
Further reading
- “bergen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “bergen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “bergen” in Duden online
- “bergen” in OpenThesaurus.de
Middle Dutch
Etymology
Verb
bergen
Inflection
| infinitive | base form | bergen | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| genitive | bergens | ||||||
| dative | bergene | ||||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||||
| present | past | present | past | ||||
| 1st person singular | berge | barch | berge | borge | |||
| 2nd person singular | berchs, berges | borchs, borges | berchs, berges | borges | |||
| 3rd person singular | bercht, berget | barch | berge | borge | |||
| 1st person plural | bergen | borgen | bergen | borgen | |||
| 2nd person plural | bercht, berget | borcht, borget | bercht, berget | borget | |||
| 3rd person plural | bergen | borgen | bergen | borgen | |||
| imperative | |||||||
| singular | berch, berge | ||||||
| plural | bercht, berget | ||||||
| present | past | ||||||
| participle | bergende | geborgen | |||||
Derived terms
- berginge
- gebergen
- misbergen
- ontbergen
- verbergen
Descendants
Further reading
- “berghen (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “bergen (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II
Middle English
Verb
bergen
- alternative form of berwen
Swedish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɛrjɛn/
Noun
bergen
- definite plural of berg
West Frisian
Noun
bergen
- plural of berch