Swahili
Etymology
From bora + -esha (causative affix).
Pronunciation
Verb
-boresha (infinitive kuboresha)
- to improve (to make better)
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -boresha
|
| Positive present
|
-naboresha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-boreshe
|
| Negative
|
-boreshi
|
| Imperative singular
|
boresha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
boresha
|
| Plural
|
boresheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huboresha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -liboresha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuboresha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -naboresha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninaboresha/naboresha
|
tunaboresha
|
| 2nd person
|
unaboresha
|
mnaboresha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anaboresha
|
wanaboresha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -naboresha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -boreshi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
siboreshi
|
hatuboreshi
|
| 2nd person
|
huboreshi
|
hamboreshi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
haboreshi
|
hawaboreshi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -boreshi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -taboresha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -taboresha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -boreshe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niboreshe
|
tuboreshe
|
| 2nd person
|
uboreshe
|
mboreshe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aboreshe
|
waboreshe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -boreshe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -siboreshe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeboresha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeboresha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngaliboresha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singaliboresha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aboresha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
naboresha
|
twaboresha
|
| 2nd person
|
waboresha
|
mwaboresha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aboresha
|
waboresha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
waboresha
|
yaboresha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
laboresha
|
yaboresha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chaboresha
|
vyaboresha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yaboresha
|
zaboresha
|
| u(XI)
|
waboresha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwaboresha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
paboresha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwaboresha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meboresha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshaboresha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jaboresha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kiboresha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipoboresha
|
| Consecutive
|
kaboresha / positive subject concord + -kaboresha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kaboreshe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-niboresha
|
-tuboresha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuboresha
|
-waboresha/-kuboresheni/-waboresheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mboresha
|
-waboresha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uboresha
|
-iboresha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-liboresha
|
-yaboresha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kiboresha
|
-viboresha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-iboresha
|
-ziboresha
|
| u(XI)
|
-uboresha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuboresha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-paboresha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muboresha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jiboresha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -boresha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-boreshaye
|
-boreshao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-boreshao
|
-boreshayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-boreshalo
|
-boreshayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-boreshacho
|
-boreshavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-boreshayo
|
-boreshazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-boreshao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-boreshako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-boreshapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-boreshamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -boresha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeboresha
|
-oboresha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oboresha
|
-yoboresha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loboresha
|
-yoboresha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choboresha
|
-vyoboresha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoboresha
|
-zoboresha
|
| u(XI)
|
-oboresha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koboresha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poboresha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moboresha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms