Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-burudisha (infinitive kuburudisha)
- Causative form of -burudi:
- to refresh
- to entertain, amuse
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -burudisha
|
| Positive present
|
-naburudisha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-burudishe
|
| Negative
|
-burudishi
|
| Imperative singular
|
burudisha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
burudisha
|
| Plural
|
burudisheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huburudisha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -liburudisha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuburudisha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -naburudisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninaburudisha/naburudisha
|
tunaburudisha
|
| 2nd person
|
unaburudisha
|
mnaburudisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anaburudisha
|
wanaburudisha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -naburudisha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -burudishi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
siburudishi
|
hatuburudishi
|
| 2nd person
|
huburudishi
|
hamburudishi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
haburudishi
|
hawaburudishi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -burudishi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -taburudisha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -taburudisha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -burudishe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niburudishe
|
tuburudishe
|
| 2nd person
|
uburudishe
|
mburudishe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aburudishe
|
waburudishe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -burudishe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -siburudishe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeburudisha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeburudisha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngaliburudisha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singaliburudisha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aburudisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
naburudisha
|
twaburudisha
|
| 2nd person
|
waburudisha
|
mwaburudisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aburudisha
|
waburudisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
waburudisha
|
yaburudisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
laburudisha
|
yaburudisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chaburudisha
|
vyaburudisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yaburudisha
|
zaburudisha
|
| u(XI)
|
waburudisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwaburudisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
paburudisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwaburudisha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meburudisha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshaburudisha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jaburudisha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kiburudisha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipoburudisha
|
| Consecutive
|
kaburudisha / positive subject concord + -kaburudisha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kaburudishe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-niburudisha
|
-tuburudisha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuburudisha
|
-waburudisha/-kuburudisheni/-waburudisheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mburudisha
|
-waburudisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uburudisha
|
-iburudisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-liburudisha
|
-yaburudisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kiburudisha
|
-viburudisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-iburudisha
|
-ziburudisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-uburudisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuburudisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-paburudisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muburudisha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jiburudisha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -burudisha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-burudishaye
|
-burudishao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-burudishao
|
-burudishayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-burudishalo
|
-burudishayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-burudishacho
|
-burudishavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-burudishayo
|
-burudishazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-burudishao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-burudishako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-burudishapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-burudishamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -burudisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeburudisha
|
-oburudisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oburudisha
|
-yoburudisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loburudisha
|
-yoburudisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choburudisha
|
-vyoburudisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoburudisha
|
-zoburudisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-oburudisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koburudisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poburudisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moburudisha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
References
- Tramutoli, Rosanna (2015) “'Love' Encoding in Swahili: a Semantic Description through a Corpus-Based Analysis”, in Swahili Forum[1], volume 22, →ISSN, page 92 of 72-103:
The verb kutulia expresses the idea of ‘calming down’ (of the physical desire), which only the lover is able to cause. This idea is expressed in Swahili also by other emotional terms, such as kuburudisha ‘to refresh the mind, to chill out, to enjoy’ and burudani ‘entertainment’ (from the same lexical root of baridi ‘cold’), kupona: ‘to recover, to feel better (from kupoa: to cool down’).