Swahili
Verb
-chanwa (infinitive kuchanwa)
- Passive form of -chana: to be combed
1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 3:[…] na kichwa chake kiwazi kilituonyesha nywele zilizochanwa na kupasuliwa njia katikati.- […] and his uncovered head showed us combed hair with a middle part.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -chanwa
|
| Positive present
|
-nachanwa
|
| Subjunctive
|
-chanwe
|
| Negative
|
-chanwi
|
| Imperative singular
|
chanwa
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
chanwa
|
| Plural
|
chanweni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huchanwa
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lichanwa
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuchanwa
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nachanwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninachanwa/nachanwa
|
tunachanwa
|
| 2nd person
|
unachanwa
|
mnachanwa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anachanwa
|
wanachanwa
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nachanwa
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -chanwi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sichanwi
|
hatuchanwi
|
| 2nd person
|
huchanwi
|
hamchanwi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hachanwi
|
hawachanwi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -chanwi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tachanwa
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tachanwa
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -chanwe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nichanwe
|
tuchanwe
|
| 2nd person
|
uchanwe
|
mchanwe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
achanwe
|
wachanwe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -chanwe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sichanwe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngechanwa
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singechanwa
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalichanwa
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalichanwa
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -achanwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nachanwa
|
twachanwa
|
| 2nd person
|
wachanwa
|
mwachanwa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
achanwa
|
wachanwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wachanwa
|
yachanwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lachanwa
|
yachanwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chachanwa
|
vyachanwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yachanwa
|
zachanwa
|
| u(XI)
|
wachanwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwachanwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pachanwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwachanwa
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mechanwa
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshachanwa
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jachanwa
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kichanwa
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipochanwa
|
| Consecutive
|
kachanwa / positive subject concord + -kachanwa
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kachanwe
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -chanwa- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-chanwaye
|
-chanwao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-chanwao
|
-chanwayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-chanwalo
|
-chanwayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chanwacho
|
-chanwavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-chanwayo
|
-chanwazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-chanwao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-chanwako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-chanwapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-chanwamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -chanwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yechanwa
|
-ochanwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ochanwa
|
-yochanwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lochanwa
|
-yochanwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chochanwa
|
-vyochanwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yochanwa
|
-zochanwa
|
| u(XI)
|
-ochanwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kochanwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pochanwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mochanwa
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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