Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic ذِكْر (ḏikr).[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
dhikiri class IX (plural dhikiri class X)
- (Islam) dhikr
Verb
-dhikiri (infinitive kudhikiri)
- (Islam) to praise God; to recite a dhikr
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -dhikiri
|
| Positive present
|
-nadhikiri
|
| Subjunctive
|
-dhikiri
|
| Negative
|
-dhikiri
|
| Imperative singular
|
dhikiri
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
dhikiri
|
| Plural
|
dhikirini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hudhikiri
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lidhikiri
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kudhikiri
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadhikiri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninadhikiri/nadhikiri
|
tunadhikiri
|
| 2nd person
|
unadhikiri
|
mnadhikiri
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anadhikiri
|
wanadhikiri
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nadhikiri
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -dhikiri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sidhikiri
|
hatudhikiri
|
| 2nd person
|
hudhikiri
|
hamdhikiri
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hadhikiri
|
hawadhikiri
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -dhikiri
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tadhikiri
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tadhikiri
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -dhikiri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nidhikiri
|
tudhikiri
|
| 2nd person
|
udhikiri
|
mdhikiri
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
adhikiri
|
wadhikiri
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -dhikiri
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sidhikiri
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngedhikiri
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singedhikiri
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalidhikiri
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalidhikiri
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adhikiri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nadhikiri
|
twadhikiri
|
| 2nd person
|
wadhikiri
|
mwadhikiri
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
adhikiri
|
wadhikiri
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wadhikiri
|
yadhikiri
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
ladhikiri
|
yadhikiri
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chadhikiri
|
vyadhikiri
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yadhikiri
|
zadhikiri
|
| u(XI)
|
wadhikiri
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwadhikiri
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
padhikiri
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwadhikiri
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -medhikiri
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshadhikiri
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jadhikiri
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kidhikiri
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipodhikiri
|
| Consecutive
|
kadhikiri / positive subject concord + -kadhikiri
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kadhikiri
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nidhikiri
|
-tudhikiri
|
| 2nd person
|
-kudhikiri
|
-wadhikiri/-kudhikirini/-wadhikirini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mdhikiri
|
-wadhikiri
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-udhikiri
|
-idhikiri
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lidhikiri
|
-yadhikiri
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kidhikiri
|
-vidhikiri
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-idhikiri
|
-zidhikiri
|
| u(XI)
|
-udhikiri
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kudhikiri
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-padhikiri
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mudhikiri
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jidhikiri
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -dhikiri- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-dhikiriye
|
-dhikirio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-dhikirio
|
-dhikiriyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-dhikirilo
|
-dhikiriyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-dhikiricho
|
-dhikirivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-dhikiriyo
|
-dhikirizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-dhikirio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-dhikiriko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-dhikiripo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-dhikirimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -dhikiri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yedhikiri
|
-odhikiri
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-odhikiri
|
-yodhikiri
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lodhikiri
|
-yodhikiri
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chodhikiri
|
-vyodhikiri
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yodhikiri
|
-zodhikiri
|
| u(XI)
|
-odhikiri
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kodhikiri
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-podhikiri
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-modhikiri
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 111 Nr. 985