Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-dumisha (infinitive kudumisha)
- Causative form of -dumu: to maintain
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -dumisha
|
| Positive present
|
-nadumisha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-dumishe
|
| Negative
|
-dumishi
|
| Imperative singular
|
dumisha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
dumisha
|
| Plural
|
dumisheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hudumisha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lidumisha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kudumisha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadumisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninadumisha/nadumisha
|
tunadumisha
|
| 2nd person
|
unadumisha
|
mnadumisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anadumisha
|
wanadumisha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nadumisha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -dumishi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sidumishi
|
hatudumishi
|
| 2nd person
|
hudumishi
|
hamdumishi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hadumishi
|
hawadumishi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -dumishi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tadumisha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tadumisha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -dumishe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nidumishe
|
tudumishe
|
| 2nd person
|
udumishe
|
mdumishe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
adumishe
|
wadumishe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -dumishe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sidumishe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngedumisha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singedumisha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalidumisha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalidumisha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adumisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nadumisha
|
twadumisha
|
| 2nd person
|
wadumisha
|
mwadumisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
adumisha
|
wadumisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wadumisha
|
yadumisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
ladumisha
|
yadumisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chadumisha
|
vyadumisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yadumisha
|
zadumisha
|
| u(XI)
|
wadumisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwadumisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
padumisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwadumisha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -medumisha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshadumisha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jadumisha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kidumisha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipodumisha
|
| Consecutive
|
kadumisha / positive subject concord + -kadumisha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kadumishe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nidumisha
|
-tudumisha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kudumisha
|
-wadumisha/-kudumisheni/-wadumisheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mdumisha
|
-wadumisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-udumisha
|
-idumisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lidumisha
|
-yadumisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kidumisha
|
-vidumisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-idumisha
|
-zidumisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-udumisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kudumisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-padumisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mudumisha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jidumisha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -dumisha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-dumishaye
|
-dumishao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-dumishao
|
-dumishayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-dumishalo
|
-dumishayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-dumishacho
|
-dumishavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-dumishayo
|
-dumishazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-dumishao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-dumishako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-dumishapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-dumishamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -dumisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yedumisha
|
-odumisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-odumisha
|
-yodumisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lodumisha
|
-yodumisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chodumisha
|
-vyodumisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yodumisha
|
-zodumisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-odumisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kodumisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-podumisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-modumisha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms