Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-gundua (infinitive kugundua)
- to catch, discover, expose, startle
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -gundua
|
| Positive present
|
-nagundua
|
| Subjunctive
|
-gundue
|
| Negative
|
-gundui
|
| Imperative singular
|
gundua
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
gundua
|
| Plural
|
gundueni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hugundua
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -ligundua
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kugundua
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nagundua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninagundua/nagundua
|
tunagundua
|
| 2nd person
|
unagundua
|
mnagundua
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anagundua
|
wanagundua
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nagundua
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -gundui)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sigundui
|
hatugundui
|
| 2nd person
|
hugundui
|
hamgundui
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hagundui
|
hawagundui
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -gundui
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tagundua
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tagundua
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -gundue)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nigundue
|
tugundue
|
| 2nd person
|
ugundue
|
mgundue
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
agundue
|
wagundue
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -gundue
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sigundue
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngegundua
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singegundua
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngaligundua
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singaligundua
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -agundua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nagundua
|
twagundua
|
| 2nd person
|
wagundua
|
mwagundua
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
agundua
|
wagundua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wagundua
|
yagundua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lagundua
|
yagundua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chagundua
|
vyagundua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yagundua
|
zagundua
|
| u(XI)
|
wagundua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwagundua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pagundua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwagundua
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -megundua
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshagundua
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jagundua
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kigundua
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipogundua
|
| Consecutive
|
kagundua / positive subject concord + -kagundua
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kagundue
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nigundua
|
-tugundua
|
| 2nd person
|
-kugundua
|
-wagundua/-kugundueni/-wagundueni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mgundua
|
-wagundua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ugundua
|
-igundua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-ligundua
|
-yagundua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kigundua
|
-vigundua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-igundua
|
-zigundua
|
| u(XI)
|
-ugundua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kugundua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pagundua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mugundua
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jigundua
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -gundua- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-gunduaye
|
-gunduao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-gunduao
|
-gunduayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-gundualo
|
-gunduayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-gunduacho
|
-gunduavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-gunduayo
|
-gunduazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-gunduao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-gunduako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-gunduapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-gunduamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -gundua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yegundua
|
-ogundua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ogundua
|
-yogundua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-logundua
|
-yogundua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chogundua
|
-vyogundua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yogundua
|
-zogundua
|
| u(XI)
|
-ogundua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kogundua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pogundua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mogundua
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
- Nominal derivations:
- mgunduzi
- ugunduzi (“discovery, invention”)