Swahili
Etymology
From halali + -isha (causative affix).
Pronunciation
Verb
-halalisha (infinitive kuhalalisha)
- Causative form of halali: to legitimize
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -halalisha
|
| Positive present
|
-nahalalisha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-halalishe
|
| Negative
|
-halalishi
|
| Imperative singular
|
halalisha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
halalisha
|
| Plural
|
halalisheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huhalalisha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lihalalisha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuhalalisha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahalalisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninahalalisha/nahalalisha
|
tunahalalisha
|
| 2nd person
|
unahalalisha
|
mnahalalisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anahalalisha
|
wanahalalisha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nahalalisha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -halalishi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sihalalishi
|
hatuhalalishi
|
| 2nd person
|
huhalalishi
|
hamhalalishi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hahalalishi
|
hawahalalishi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -halalishi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tahalalisha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tahalalisha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -halalishe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nihalalishe
|
tuhalalishe
|
| 2nd person
|
uhalalishe
|
mhalalishe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahalalishe
|
wahalalishe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -halalishe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sihalalishe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngehalalisha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singehalalisha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalihalalisha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalihalalisha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahalalisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nahalalisha
|
twahalalisha
|
| 2nd person
|
wahalalisha
|
mwahalalisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahalalisha
|
wahalalisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wahalalisha
|
yahalalisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lahalalisha
|
yahalalisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chahalalisha
|
vyahalalisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yahalalisha
|
zahalalisha
|
| u(XI)
|
wahalalisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwahalalisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pahalalisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwahalalisha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mehalalisha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshahalalisha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jahalalisha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kihalalisha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipohalalisha
|
| Consecutive
|
kahalalisha / positive subject concord + -kahalalisha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kahalalishe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nihalalisha
|
-tuhalalisha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuhalalisha
|
-wahalalisha/-kuhalalisheni/-wahalalisheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mhalalisha
|
-wahalalisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uhalalisha
|
-ihalalisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lihalalisha
|
-yahalalisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kihalalisha
|
-vihalalisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ihalalisha
|
-zihalalisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-uhalalisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuhalalisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pahalalisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muhalalisha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jihalalisha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -halalisha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-halalishaye
|
-halalishao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-halalishao
|
-halalishayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-halalishalo
|
-halalishayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-halalishacho
|
-halalishavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-halalishayo
|
-halalishazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-halalishao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-halalishako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-halalishapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-halalishamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -halalisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yehalalisha
|
-ohalalisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ohalalisha
|
-yohalalisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lohalalisha
|
-yohalalisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chohalalisha
|
-vyohalalisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yohalalisha
|
-zohalalisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-ohalalisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kohalalisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pohalalisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mohalalisha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms