Swahili
Etymology
From hatari (“danger”) + -isha (causative affix).
Pronunciation
Verb
-hatarisha (infinitive kuhatarisha)
- Causative form of hatari: to endanger, to put in danger
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -hatarisha
|
| Positive present
|
-nahatarisha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-hatarishe
|
| Negative
|
-hatarishi
|
| Imperative singular
|
hatarisha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
hatarisha
|
| Plural
|
hatarisheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huhatarisha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lihatarisha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuhatarisha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahatarisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninahatarisha/nahatarisha
|
tunahatarisha
|
| 2nd person
|
unahatarisha
|
mnahatarisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anahatarisha
|
wanahatarisha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nahatarisha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -hatarishi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sihatarishi
|
hatuhatarishi
|
| 2nd person
|
huhatarishi
|
hamhatarishi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hahatarishi
|
hawahatarishi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -hatarishi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tahatarisha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tahatarisha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -hatarishe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nihatarishe
|
tuhatarishe
|
| 2nd person
|
uhatarishe
|
mhatarishe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahatarishe
|
wahatarishe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -hatarishe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sihatarishe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngehatarisha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singehatarisha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalihatarisha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalihatarisha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahatarisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nahatarisha
|
twahatarisha
|
| 2nd person
|
wahatarisha
|
mwahatarisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahatarisha
|
wahatarisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wahatarisha
|
yahatarisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lahatarisha
|
yahatarisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chahatarisha
|
vyahatarisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yahatarisha
|
zahatarisha
|
| u(XI)
|
wahatarisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwahatarisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pahatarisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwahatarisha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mehatarisha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshahatarisha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jahatarisha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kihatarisha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipohatarisha
|
| Consecutive
|
kahatarisha / positive subject concord + -kahatarisha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kahatarishe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nihatarisha
|
-tuhatarisha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuhatarisha
|
-wahatarisha/-kuhatarisheni/-wahatarisheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mhatarisha
|
-wahatarisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uhatarisha
|
-ihatarisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lihatarisha
|
-yahatarisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kihatarisha
|
-vihatarisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ihatarisha
|
-zihatarisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-uhatarisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuhatarisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pahatarisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muhatarisha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jihatarisha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -hatarisha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-hatarishaye
|
-hatarishao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-hatarishao
|
-hatarishayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-hatarishalo
|
-hatarishayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-hatarishacho
|
-hatarishavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-hatarishayo
|
-hatarishazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-hatarishao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-hatarishako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-hatarishapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-hatarishamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -hatarisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yehatarisha
|
-ohatarisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ohatarisha
|
-yohatarisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lohatarisha
|
-yohatarisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chohatarisha
|
-vyohatarisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yohatarisha
|
-zohatarisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-ohatarisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kohatarisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pohatarisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mohatarisha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms