Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic خِيَار (ḵiyār).[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
hiari class IX (plural hiari class X)
- choice, discretion; option
Verb
-hiari (infinitive kuhiari)
- to choose, prefer
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -hiari
|
| Positive present
|
-nahiari
|
| Subjunctive
|
-hiari
|
| Negative
|
-hiari
|
| Imperative singular
|
hiari
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuhiari
|
| Negative
|
kutohiari
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
hiari
|
| Plural
|
hiarini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huhiari
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lihiari
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuhiari
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahiari)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninahiari/nahiari
|
tunahiari
|
| 2nd person
|
unahiari
|
mnahiari
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anahiari
|
wanahiari
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nahiari
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -hiari)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sihiari
|
hatuhiari
|
| 2nd person
|
huhiari
|
hamhiari
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hahiari
|
hawahiari
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -hiari
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tahiari
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tahiari
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -hiari)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nihiari
|
tuhiari
|
| 2nd person
|
uhiari
|
mhiari
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahiari
|
wahiari
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -hiari
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sihiari
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngehiari
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singehiari
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalihiari
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalihiari
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahiari)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nahiari
|
twahiari
|
| 2nd person
|
wahiari
|
mwahiari
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahiari
|
wahiari
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wahiari
|
yahiari
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lahiari
|
yahiari
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chahiari
|
vyahiari
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yahiari
|
zahiari
|
| u(XI)
|
wahiari
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwahiari
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pahiari
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwahiari
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mehiari
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshahiari
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jahiari
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kihiari
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipohiari
|
| Consecutive
|
kahiari / positive subject concord + -kahiari
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kahiari
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nihiari
|
-tuhiari
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuhiari
|
-wahiari/-kuhiarini/-wahiarini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mhiari
|
-wahiari
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uhiari
|
-ihiari
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lihiari
|
-yahiari
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kihiari
|
-vihiari
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ihiari
|
-zihiari
|
| u(XI)
|
-uhiari
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuhiari
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pahiari
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muhiari
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jihiari
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -hiari- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-hiariye
|
-hiario
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-hiario
|
-hiariyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-hiarilo
|
-hiariyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-hiaricho
|
-hiarivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-hiariyo
|
-hiarizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-hiario
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-hiariko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-hiaripo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-hiarimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -hiari)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yehiari
|
-ohiari
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ohiari
|
-yohiari
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lohiari
|
-yohiari
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chohiari
|
-vyohiari
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yohiari
|
-zohiari
|
| u(XI)
|
-ohiari
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kohiari
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pohiari
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mohiari
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 97 Nr. 866