Swahili
Etymology
From Arabic حَفِظَ (ḥafiẓa).
Pronunciation
Noun
hifadhi class IX (plural hifadhi class X)
- protected area, sanctuary, shelter
- protection, conservation
Weka chini ya hifadhi- Protect
Verb
-hifadhi (infinitive kuhifadhi)
- to preserve, keep, save, guard, secure
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -hifadhi
|
| Positive present
|
-nahifadhi
|
| Subjunctive
|
-hifadhi
|
| Negative
|
-hifadhi
|
| Imperative singular
|
hifadhi
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
hifadhi
|
| Plural
|
hifadhini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huhifadhi
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lihifadhi
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuhifadhi
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahifadhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninahifadhi/nahifadhi
|
tunahifadhi
|
| 2nd person
|
unahifadhi
|
mnahifadhi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anahifadhi
|
wanahifadhi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nahifadhi
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -hifadhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sihifadhi
|
hatuhifadhi
|
| 2nd person
|
huhifadhi
|
hamhifadhi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hahifadhi
|
hawahifadhi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -hifadhi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tahifadhi
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tahifadhi
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -hifadhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nihifadhi
|
tuhifadhi
|
| 2nd person
|
uhifadhi
|
mhifadhi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahifadhi
|
wahifadhi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -hifadhi
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sihifadhi
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngehifadhi
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singehifadhi
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalihifadhi
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalihifadhi
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahifadhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nahifadhi
|
twahifadhi
|
| 2nd person
|
wahifadhi
|
mwahifadhi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahifadhi
|
wahifadhi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wahifadhi
|
yahifadhi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lahifadhi
|
yahifadhi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chahifadhi
|
vyahifadhi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yahifadhi
|
zahifadhi
|
| u(XI)
|
wahifadhi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwahifadhi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pahifadhi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwahifadhi
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mehifadhi
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshahifadhi
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jahifadhi
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kihifadhi
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipohifadhi
|
| Consecutive
|
kahifadhi / positive subject concord + -kahifadhi
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kahifadhi
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nihifadhi
|
-tuhifadhi
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuhifadhi
|
-wahifadhi/-kuhifadhini/-wahifadhini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mhifadhi
|
-wahifadhi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uhifadhi
|
-ihifadhi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lihifadhi
|
-yahifadhi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kihifadhi
|
-vihifadhi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ihifadhi
|
-zihifadhi
|
| u(XI)
|
-uhifadhi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuhifadhi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pahifadhi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muhifadhi
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jihifadhi
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -hifadhi- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-hifadhiye
|
-hifadhio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-hifadhio
|
-hifadhiyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-hifadhilo
|
-hifadhiyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-hifadhicho
|
-hifadhivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-hifadhiyo
|
-hifadhizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-hifadhio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-hifadhiko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-hifadhipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-hifadhimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -hifadhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yehifadhi
|
-ohifadhi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ohifadhi
|
-yohifadhi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lohifadhi
|
-yohifadhi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chohifadhi
|
-vyohifadhi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yohifadhi
|
-zohifadhi
|
| u(XI)
|
-ohifadhi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kohifadhi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pohifadhi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mohifadhi
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms