Swahili
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Arabic أَخَذَ (ʔaḵaḏa).
Verb
-hodhi (infinitive kuhodhi)
- to monopolize
- to hoard, accumulate
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -hodhi
|
| Positive present
|
-nahodhi
|
| Subjunctive
|
-hodhi
|
| Negative
|
-hodhi
|
| Imperative singular
|
hodhi
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuhodhi
|
| Negative
|
kutohodhi
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
hodhi
|
| Plural
|
hodhini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huhodhi
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lihodhi
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuhodhi
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahodhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninahodhi/nahodhi
|
tunahodhi
|
| 2nd person
|
unahodhi
|
mnahodhi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anahodhi
|
wanahodhi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nahodhi
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -hodhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sihodhi
|
hatuhodhi
|
| 2nd person
|
huhodhi
|
hamhodhi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hahodhi
|
hawahodhi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -hodhi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tahodhi
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tahodhi
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -hodhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nihodhi
|
tuhodhi
|
| 2nd person
|
uhodhi
|
mhodhi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahodhi
|
wahodhi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -hodhi
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sihodhi
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngehodhi
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singehodhi
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalihodhi
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalihodhi
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahodhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nahodhi
|
twahodhi
|
| 2nd person
|
wahodhi
|
mwahodhi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahodhi
|
wahodhi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wahodhi
|
yahodhi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lahodhi
|
yahodhi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chahodhi
|
vyahodhi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yahodhi
|
zahodhi
|
| u(XI)
|
wahodhi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwahodhi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pahodhi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwahodhi
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mehodhi
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshahodhi
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jahodhi
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kihodhi
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipohodhi
|
| Consecutive
|
kahodhi / positive subject concord + -kahodhi
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kahodhi
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nihodhi
|
-tuhodhi
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuhodhi
|
-wahodhi/-kuhodhini/-wahodhini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mhodhi
|
-wahodhi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uhodhi
|
-ihodhi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lihodhi
|
-yahodhi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kihodhi
|
-vihodhi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ihodhi
|
-zihodhi
|
| u(XI)
|
-uhodhi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuhodhi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pahodhi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muhodhi
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jihodhi
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -hodhi- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-hodhiye
|
-hodhio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-hodhio
|
-hodhiyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-hodhilo
|
-hodhiyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-hodhicho
|
-hodhivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-hodhiyo
|
-hodhizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-hodhio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-hodhiko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-hodhipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-hodhimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -hodhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yehodhi
|
-ohodhi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ohodhi
|
-yohodhi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lohodhi
|
-yohodhi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chohodhi
|
-vyohodhi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yohodhi
|
-zohodhi
|
| u(XI)
|
-ohodhi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kohodhi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pohodhi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mohodhi
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
Noun
hodhi class IX (no plural)
- monopoly
- uchumi hodhi wa serikali ― government monopoly economy
2022, Muungano wa Tanganyika na Zanzibar: Chimbuko, Misingi na Maendeleo, Serikali ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, →ISBN:[…] yalibadilisha mfumo wa uchumi wa nchi kutoka uchumi hodhi kuwa uchumi wa soko, […]- […] transformed the country's economic system from a [government] monopoly economy to a market economy, […]
- holding
- kampuni hodhi ― holding company
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Arabic حَوْض (ḥawḍ).
Noun
hodhi class IX (plural hodhi class X)
- bathtub
- reservoir