Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic خَدَمَ (ḵadama).
Pronunciation
Verb
-hudumu (infinitive kuhudumu)
- to serve
- to wait on (someone)
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -hudumu
|
| Positive present
|
-nahudumu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-hudumu
|
| Negative
|
-hudumu
|
| Imperative singular
|
hudumu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
hudumu
|
| Plural
|
hudumuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huhudumu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lihudumu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuhudumu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahudumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninahudumu/nahudumu
|
tunahudumu
|
| 2nd person
|
unahudumu
|
mnahudumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anahudumu
|
wanahudumu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nahudumu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -hudumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sihudumu
|
hatuhudumu
|
| 2nd person
|
huhudumu
|
hamhudumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hahudumu
|
hawahudumu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -hudumu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tahudumu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tahudumu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -hudumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nihudumu
|
tuhudumu
|
| 2nd person
|
uhudumu
|
mhudumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahudumu
|
wahudumu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -hudumu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sihudumu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngehudumu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singehudumu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalihudumu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalihudumu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahudumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nahudumu
|
twahudumu
|
| 2nd person
|
wahudumu
|
mwahudumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahudumu
|
wahudumu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wahudumu
|
yahudumu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lahudumu
|
yahudumu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chahudumu
|
vyahudumu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yahudumu
|
zahudumu
|
| u(XI)
|
wahudumu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwahudumu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pahudumu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwahudumu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mehudumu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshahudumu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jahudumu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kihudumu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipohudumu
|
| Consecutive
|
kahudumu / positive subject concord + -kahudumu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kahudumu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nihudumu
|
-tuhudumu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuhudumu
|
-wahudumu/-kuhudumuni/-wahudumuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mhudumu
|
-wahudumu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uhudumu
|
-ihudumu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lihudumu
|
-yahudumu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kihudumu
|
-vihudumu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ihudumu
|
-zihudumu
|
| u(XI)
|
-uhudumu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuhudumu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pahudumu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muhudumu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jihudumu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -hudumu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-hudumuye
|
-hudumuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-hudumuo
|
-hudumuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-hudumulo
|
-hudumuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-hudumucho
|
-hudumuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-hudumuyo
|
-hudumuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-hudumuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-hudumuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-hudumupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-hudumumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -hudumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yehudumu
|
-ohudumu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ohudumu
|
-yohudumu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lohudumu
|
-yohudumu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chohudumu
|
-vyohudumu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yohudumu
|
-zohudumu
|
| u(XI)
|
-ohudumu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kohudumu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pohudumu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mohudumu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms