hutubu

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَطَبَ (ḵaṭaba).[1]

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-hutubu (infinitive kuhutubu)

  1. to preach, to lecture

Conjugation

Conjugation of -hutubu
Positive present -nahutubu
Subjunctive -hutubu
Negative -hutubu
Imperative singular hutubu
Infinitives
Positive kuhutubu
Negative kutohutubu
Imperatives
Singular hutubu
Plural hutubuni
Tensed forms
Habitual huhutubu
Positive past positive subject concord + -lihutubu
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuhutubu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahutubu)
Singular Plural
1st person ninahutubu/nahutubu tunahutubu
2nd person unahutubu mnahutubu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anahutubu wanahutubu
other classes positive subject concord + -nahutubu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -hutubu)
Singular Plural
1st person sihutubu hatuhutubu
2nd person huhutubu hamhutubu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hahutubu hawahutubu
other classes negative subject concord + -hutubu
Positive future positive subject concord + -tahutubu
Negative future negative subject concord + -tahutubu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -hutubu)
Singular Plural
1st person nihutubu tuhutubu
2nd person uhutubu mhutubu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahutubu wahutubu
other classes positive subject concord + -hutubu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sihutubu
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngehutubu
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singehutubu
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalihutubu
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalihutubu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahutubu)
Singular Plural
1st person nahutubu twahutubu
2nd person wahutubu mwahutubu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahutubu wahutubu
m-mi(III/IV) wahutubu yahutubu
ji-ma(V/VI) lahutubu yahutubu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chahutubu vyahutubu
n(IX/X) yahutubu zahutubu
u(XI) wahutubu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwahutubu
pa(XVI) pahutubu
mu(XVIII) mwahutubu
Perfect positive subject concord + -mehutubu
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshahutubu
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jahutubu
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kihutubu
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipohutubu
Consecutive kahutubu / positive subject concord + -kahutubu
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kahutubu
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nihutubu -tuhutubu
2nd person -kuhutubu -wahutubu/-kuhutubuni/-wahutubuni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mhutubu -wahutubu
m-mi(III/IV) -uhutubu -ihutubu
ji-ma(V/VI) -lihutubu -yahutubu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kihutubu -vihutubu
n(IX/X) -ihutubu -zihutubu
u(XI) -uhutubu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kuhutubu
pa(XVI) -pahutubu
mu(XVIII) -muhutubu
Reflexive -jihutubu
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -hutubu- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -hutubuye -hutubuo
m-mi(III/IV) -hutubuo -hutubuyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -hutubulo -hutubuyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -hutubucho -hutubuvyo
n(IX/X) -hutubuyo -hutubuzo
u(XI) -hutubuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -hutubuko
pa(XVI) -hutubupo
mu(XVIII) -hutubumo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -hutubu)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yehutubu -ohutubu
m-mi(III/IV) -ohutubu -yohutubu
ji-ma(V/VI) -lohutubu -yohutubu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chohutubu -vyohutubu
n(IX/X) -yohutubu -zohutubu
u(XI) -ohutubu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kohutubu
pa(XVI) -pohutubu
mu(XVIII) -mohutubu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

References

  1. ^ Schadeberg, T. (2009). Swahili vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, M. & Tadmor, U. (eds.) World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
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