Swahili
Etymology
From huzuni (“sadness”) + -isha (causative affix).
Pronunciation
Verb
-huzunisha (infinitive kuhuzunisha)
- to sadden
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -huzunisha
|
| Positive present
|
-nahuzunisha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-huzunishe
|
| Negative
|
-huzunishi
|
| Imperative singular
|
huzunisha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
huzunisha
|
| Plural
|
huzunisheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huhuzunisha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lihuzunisha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuhuzunisha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahuzunisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninahuzunisha/nahuzunisha
|
tunahuzunisha
|
| 2nd person
|
unahuzunisha
|
mnahuzunisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anahuzunisha
|
wanahuzunisha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nahuzunisha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -huzunishi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sihuzunishi
|
hatuhuzunishi
|
| 2nd person
|
huhuzunishi
|
hamhuzunishi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hahuzunishi
|
hawahuzunishi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -huzunishi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tahuzunisha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tahuzunisha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -huzunishe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nihuzunishe
|
tuhuzunishe
|
| 2nd person
|
uhuzunishe
|
mhuzunishe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahuzunishe
|
wahuzunishe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -huzunishe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sihuzunishe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngehuzunisha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singehuzunisha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalihuzunisha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalihuzunisha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahuzunisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nahuzunisha
|
twahuzunisha
|
| 2nd person
|
wahuzunisha
|
mwahuzunisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahuzunisha
|
wahuzunisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wahuzunisha
|
yahuzunisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lahuzunisha
|
yahuzunisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chahuzunisha
|
vyahuzunisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yahuzunisha
|
zahuzunisha
|
| u(XI)
|
wahuzunisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwahuzunisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pahuzunisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwahuzunisha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mehuzunisha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshahuzunisha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jahuzunisha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kihuzunisha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipohuzunisha
|
| Consecutive
|
kahuzunisha / positive subject concord + -kahuzunisha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kahuzunishe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nihuzunisha
|
-tuhuzunisha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuhuzunisha
|
-wahuzunisha/-kuhuzunisheni/-wahuzunisheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mhuzunisha
|
-wahuzunisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uhuzunisha
|
-ihuzunisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lihuzunisha
|
-yahuzunisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kihuzunisha
|
-vihuzunisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ihuzunisha
|
-zihuzunisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-uhuzunisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuhuzunisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pahuzunisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muhuzunisha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jihuzunisha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -huzunisha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-huzunishaye
|
-huzunishao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-huzunishao
|
-huzunishayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-huzunishalo
|
-huzunishayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-huzunishacho
|
-huzunishavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-huzunishayo
|
-huzunishazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-huzunishao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-huzunishako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-huzunishapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-huzunishamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -huzunisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yehuzunisha
|
-ohuzunisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ohuzunisha
|
-yohuzunisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lohuzunisha
|
-yohuzunisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chohuzunisha
|
-vyohuzunisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yohuzunisha
|
-zohuzunisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-ohuzunisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kohuzunisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pohuzunisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mohuzunisha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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