Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic جَرَّبَ (jarraba).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
-jaribu (infinitive kujaribu)
- to try, to attempt
- to test
- to experiment
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -jaribu
|
| Positive present
|
-najaribu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-jaribu
|
| Negative
|
-jaribu
|
| Imperative singular
|
jaribu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
jaribu
|
| Plural
|
jaribuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hujaribu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lijaribu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kujaribu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -najaribu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninajaribu/najaribu
|
tunajaribu
|
| 2nd person
|
unajaribu
|
mnajaribu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anajaribu
|
wanajaribu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -najaribu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -jaribu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sijaribu
|
hatujaribu
|
| 2nd person
|
hujaribu
|
hamjaribu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hajaribu
|
hawajaribu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -jaribu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tajaribu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tajaribu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -jaribu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nijaribu
|
tujaribu
|
| 2nd person
|
ujaribu
|
mjaribu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ajaribu
|
wajaribu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -jaribu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sijaribu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngejaribu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singejaribu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalijaribu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalijaribu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ajaribu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
najaribu
|
twajaribu
|
| 2nd person
|
wajaribu
|
mwajaribu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ajaribu
|
wajaribu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wajaribu
|
yajaribu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lajaribu
|
yajaribu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chajaribu
|
vyajaribu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yajaribu
|
zajaribu
|
| u(XI)
|
wajaribu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwajaribu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pajaribu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwajaribu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mejaribu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshajaribu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jajaribu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kijaribu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipojaribu
|
| Consecutive
|
kajaribu / positive subject concord + -kajaribu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kajaribu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nijaribu
|
-tujaribu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kujaribu
|
-wajaribu/-kujaribuni/-wajaribuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mjaribu
|
-wajaribu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ujaribu
|
-ijaribu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lijaribu
|
-yajaribu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kijaribu
|
-vijaribu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ijaribu
|
-zijaribu
|
| u(XI)
|
-ujaribu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kujaribu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pajaribu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mujaribu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jijaribu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -jaribu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-jaribuye
|
-jaribuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-jaribuo
|
-jaribuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-jaribulo
|
-jaribuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-jaribucho
|
-jaribuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-jaribuyo
|
-jaribuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-jaribuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-jaribuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-jaribupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-jaribumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -jaribu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yejaribu
|
-ojaribu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ojaribu
|
-yojaribu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lojaribu
|
-yojaribu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chojaribu
|
-vyojaribu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yojaribu
|
-zojaribu
|
| u(XI)
|
-ojaribu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kojaribu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pojaribu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mojaribu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 56 Nr. 458