Swahili
Etymology
From -ji- + -penda (“to love, to like”).
Pronunciation
Verb
-jipenda (infinitive kujipenda)
- reflexive form of -penda: to love yourself
- to be selfish
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -jipenda
|
| Positive present
|
-najipenda
|
| Subjunctive
|
-jipende
|
| Negative
|
-jipendi
|
| Imperative singular
|
jipenda
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
jipenda
|
| Plural
|
jipendeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hujipenda
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lijipenda
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kujipenda
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -najipenda)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninajipenda/najipenda
|
tunajipenda
|
| 2nd person
|
unajipenda
|
mnajipenda
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anajipenda
|
wanajipenda
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -najipenda
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -jipendi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sijipendi
|
hatujipendi
|
| 2nd person
|
hujipendi
|
hamjipendi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hajipendi
|
hawajipendi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -jipendi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tajipenda
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tajipenda
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -jipende)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nijipende
|
tujipende
|
| 2nd person
|
ujipende
|
mjipende
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ajipende
|
wajipende
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -jipende
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sijipende
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngejipenda
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singejipenda
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalijipenda
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalijipenda
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ajipenda)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
najipenda
|
twajipenda
|
| 2nd person
|
wajipenda
|
mwajipenda
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ajipenda
|
wajipenda
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wajipenda
|
yajipenda
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lajipenda
|
yajipenda
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chajipenda
|
vyajipenda
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yajipenda
|
zajipenda
|
| u(XI)
|
wajipenda
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwajipenda
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pajipenda
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwajipenda
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mejipenda
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshajipenda
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jajipenda
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kijipenda
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipojipenda
|
| Consecutive
|
kajipenda / positive subject concord + -kajipenda
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kajipende
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nijipenda
|
-tujipenda
|
| 2nd person
|
-kujipenda
|
-wajipenda/-kujipendeni/-wajipendeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mjipenda
|
-wajipenda
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ujipenda
|
-ijipenda
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lijipenda
|
-yajipenda
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kijipenda
|
-vijipenda
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ijipenda
|
-zijipenda
|
| u(XI)
|
-ujipenda
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kujipenda
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pajipenda
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mujipenda
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jijipenda
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -jipenda- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-jipendaye
|
-jipendao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-jipendao
|
-jipendayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-jipendalo
|
-jipendayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-jipendacho
|
-jipendavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-jipendayo
|
-jipendazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-jipendao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-jipendako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-jipendapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-jipendamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -jipenda)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yejipenda
|
-ojipenda
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ojipenda
|
-yojipenda
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lojipenda
|
-yojipenda
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chojipenda
|
-vyojipenda
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yojipenda
|
-zojipenda
|
| u(XI)
|
-ojipenda
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kojipenda
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pojipenda
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mojipenda
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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